Assignment: Biology Principles of the Endocrine System Study Guides

Assignment: Biology Principles of the Endocrine System Study Guides

Physiology Spring 2020, Professor Fontaine Lecture 25 Study Guide: Chapter 15 – Fluid and AcidBase Balance (p535-563), Chapter 18 – Principles of to the Endocrine system (p639-646) Fill in the blanks in charts or sentences, and answer the questions as you read to prepare for class. Completion of the study guides will count towards participation points. 1. What is meant by “internal pool of a substance”? 2. What are the two ways of increasing the internal pool of a substance? 1. 2. 3. Define: 1. Stable balance: 2. Positive balance: 3. Negative balance: 4. Fill in the figure regarding the inputs and outputs from the internal pool: Page 1 of 10 5. Fill in the table on the major body fluid compartments Compartment Volume of fluid (L) Percentage of total body fluid Percentage of total body weight Intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid (ECF) Plasma Interstitial Fluid Totals 6. What parts of the body are included in the ECF? • • • • 7.

What are the different parts of the transcellular fluid? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Fill in the figure on the ionic composition of the major body fluids compartments Plasm Interstiti al fluid 15 10 Capillary Milliequivalents per liter of 20 50 Page 2 of 10 9. Fill in the table: Regulated variable Need to regulate the variable Outcomes if the variable is not normal Mechanism for regulating the variable ECF volume ECF osmolarity 10. Consequences of variation in body pH: 1. 2. 3. 11. Where does the internal pool of hydrogen ions mainly come from? 12. What are the bodies lines of defense against changes in pH? 1. 2. 3. 13. Define respiratory acidosis and give its cause(s), and compensations: 14. Define respiratory alkalosis and give its cause(s), and compensations: 15. Define metabolic acidosis and give its cause(s), and compensations: 16. Define metabolic alkalosis and give its cause(s), and compensations: Page 3 of 10 17. Fill in the figure regarding the endocrine system: 18. List the parts of the body that have solely endocrine function: • • • • 19. List the parts of the body that have multiple functions which include endocrine functions: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Page 4 of 10 20. Describe the following hydrophilic hormones: 1. peptide hormones: 2. catecholamines: 3. Indolemaines: 21. Describe the following lipophilic hormones: 1. Steroid hormones: 2. Thyroid hormone: 22. Describe tropic hormones: 23. List the factors that add complexity to the endocrine system: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Page 5 of 10 24. List the factors that contribute to the effective plasma concentration of a hormone: 1. 2. 3. 4. 25. List and describe the general mechanisms that control secretion of different hormone: 1. 2. 3. 26.

In your own words, define the following in terms of how it contributes to the function of the endocrine system: 1. down regulation: 2. permissiveness: 3. synergism: 4. antagonism: Page 6 of 10 27. Fill in the table summarizing the major hormones Endocrine gland Hormones Target Cells Major functions of hormones hypothalamus Posterior pituitary (hormones stored in) Anterior pituitary Page 7 of 10 Endocrine gland Hormones Target Cells Major functions of hormones Pineal gland Thyroid gland follicular cells Thyroid gland C cells Adrenal cortex – zona glomerulosa Adrenal cortex – zona fasciculata and reticularis Adrenal medulla Endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhands) Parathyroid gland Page 8 of 10 Endocrine gland Hormones Target Cells Major functions of hormones Female gonads: ovaries Male gonads: testes Testes and ovaries Placenta Kidneys Stomach Small intestine Page 9 of 10 Endocrine gland Hormones

Target Cells Major functions of hormones Liver Skin Thymus Heart Adipose tissue Page 10 of 10 Physiology Spring 2020, Professor Fontaine Lecture 26 Study Guide: Chapter 18 – Principles of the the Endocrine System and Chapter 19 The Peripheral Endocrine Glands (p646-712) Fill in the blanks in charts or sentences, and answer the questions as you read to prepare for class. Completion of the study guides will count towards participation points. 1. Fill in the figure regarding the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary: 1 2 KEY = Vasopressin = Oxytocin 3 Page 1 of 11 2. What is the main function of the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary? 3. List the six hormones produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 4. How many different types of cell populations secrete hormones from the anterior pituitary? 5. Fill in the functions of the anterior pituitary hormones: Page 2 of 11 6. Describe the functions of hypophysiotropic hormones: 7. Describe the function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system: 8. Fill in the figure on negative feedback in endocrine control: Negative feedback Page 3 of 11 9. Fill in the figure on the vascular link between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary: 1 2 3 5 4 5 6 = Hypophysiotropic hormones = Anterior pituitary hormone 1 2 3 4 5 6 Page 4 of 11 10. In your own words describe the structure and function of the thyroid gland: (p666) 11.

Describe the effects of thyroid hormone on different aspects of the body: 1. Metabolic rate and heat production: 2. Sympathetic nervous system: 3. Cardiovascular system: 4. Growth and the nervous system: 12. What are the causes of hypothyroidism? 1. 2. 3. 13. What are the causes of hyperthyroidism? 1. 2. 3. 14. In your own words describe the structure and function of the adrenal glands: 15. What are the functions of the three categories of adrenocortical hormones? 1. 2. 3. Page 5 of 11 16. What are the major effects of mineralocorticoids on the body? 17. What are the major effects of glucocorticoids on the body? 18. What are the major effects of sex hormones on the body? 19. Describe the pathophysiology of aldosterone hypersecretion: 20. Describe the pathophysiology of cortisol hypersecretion: 21. Describe the pathophysiology of adrenal androgen hypersecretion: 22. Describe the pathophysiology of adrenocortical insufficiency: Page 6 of 11 23. Fill in the figure on the integration of the stress response by the hypothalamus: Glucagon-secreting cells Insulin-secreting cells Page 7 of 11 24. Fill in the figure on the summary of the major pathways involving organic nutrient molecules: © Cengage Learning; photos: Photodisc / Getty Images, ©A Lein/ Shutterstock.com, ©Viktor1/Shutterstock.com, ©Paul Poplis Photography, Inc./Stockfood America, ©Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com 25. What are the key tissues in metabolic states and what are their functions? (p688) 1. 2. 3. 4. Page 8 of 11 26. Describe the structure and function of the islets of Langerhans: 27. What are the pancreatic endocrine cell types? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 28. Fill in the figure on the stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Page 9 of 11 29. Fill in the figure on the complementary interactions of glucagon and insulin 30. Fill in the table that summarizes the hormonal control os fuel metabolism Major metabolic effects Hormone Effect on blood glucose Effect on blood fatty acids Effect on Effect on blood muscle amino acids protein Control of secretion Major stimuli for secretion Primary role in metabolism Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine Cortisol Growth hormone Page 10 of 11 31. What is the difference between calcium homeostasis and calcium balance? 32. Fill in the table on signal transduction pathways used by major hormones Signal transduction pathway Hormones that use this pathway Increase cyclic AMP/PKA Decrease cyclic AMP/PKA IP3/Ca2+ and DAG/ PKC Tyrosine kinase JAK/STAT Hormone -response elements on DNA Page 11 of 11 Fluid and Acid–Base Balance Yellow Dog Productions/Photographer’s Choice/ Getty Images 15 Maintaining fluid balance.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• The is a great resource