Dietary policies for reducing non-communicable diseases.

Dietary policies for reducing non-communicable diseases.

Discuss the dietary policies and recommendations provided to the population of Saudi Arabia for reducing non-communicable diseases.

What role does social and financial factors play in creating barriers to compliance with the aging population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?

Discuss the strategies to resolve issues that you identify.

Research and discuss at least two approaches to solving this problem.

In nearly every region, suboptimal diet is the leading risk factor for poor health; hunger and malnutrition result in substantial burdens and contribute to the incidence and prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (Forouzanfar and others 2015; Lim and others 2012). Improving individual and population dietary habits needs to become a health system and public health priority (IFPRI 2015). In recent years, interventions have been evaluated to improve dietary habits, including individual-level interventions in the health system (for example, nutrition counseling); population-level interventions; and novel, technology-based interventions (for example, Internet- and mobile-based programs). A detailed discussion of these interventions is beyond the scope of this chapter. Here, we focus on dietary priorities and policies for global NCDs, including key dietary targets, current distributions of consumption, and ensuing health burdens. We summarize the evidence for effective population-level interventions to improve diet quality, and we discuss data gaps and needs for assessing cost-effectiveness.

The global effects of hunger and nutrient deficiencies have been recognized for more than a century, but the emergence of poor diet as a major cause of NCDs has been documented only in recent decades (Forouzanfar and others 2015; Lim and others 2012). Optimal responses to this global challenge have been slowed by several factors, including the relatively recent attention given to the science of diet and NCDs; a historical focus on isolated nutrients rather than foods and diet patterns; and an emphasis on diet-induced obesity

(WHO 2012). These factors have led to the neglect of the far larger burdens of NCDs owing to nonobesity-related pathways. Modern nutritional science, originating in the early 20th century, focused on nutrient deficiency diseases, such scurvy, pellagra, and rickets. The initial recognition in the late twentieth century of the additional major effect of diet on NCDs led to nutrient deficiency paradigms being extended to the study of chronic diseases (Mozaffarian and Ludwig 2010). Nutrient deficiency diseases, however, are explicitly caused and can be prevented or treated by single nutrients. In contrast, NCDs arise from complex perturbations of food intakes and overall dietary patterns, including insufficiencies of specific healthful foods and excesses of unhealthful foods (Afshin and others 2014; Chen and others 2013; de Munter and others 2007; Imamura and others 2015; Kaluza, Wolk, and Larsson 2012; Micha, Wallace, and Mozaffarian 2010; Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Mozaffarian and others 2006).

The global obesity epidemic has appropriately focused attention on diet. However, adiposity is only one pathway of effect of diet on NCDs. Diet quality has an enormous effect on NCDs, in particular, cardiovascular diseases, independent of body weight or obesity. Although undernutrition is an appropriate term for caloric and nutrient deficiency, overnutrition is an incorrect corollary for NCDs and even obesity. The term fails to capture the complexity of poor food habits that cause NCDs: (1) inadequate ingestion of healthful foods; and (2) ingestion of foods created by suboptimal processing (for example, those rich in refined grains, starches, and sugars), foods prepared by modern methods (for example, high temperature commercial cooking), and foods containing additives such as trans fats and sodium. Accordingly, the appropriate term for the global epidemic of diet-induced NCDs is not overnutrition, but malnutrition: poor dietary quality or composition.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• The is a great resource