Final Examination:Anatomy & Physiology

A. a blood gas; blood clots B. the liquid portion of blood; the cells C. lacking clotting protein; a regulator of blood osmolality D. the cellular portion of blood; acellular components E. mostly protein; the matrix

a. erythrocyte

b. reticulocyte

c. thrombocyte

d. monocyte

e. leukocyte

a. factor XII is activated.

b. ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated.

c. activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen.

d. prostaglandin production is inhibited.

e. platelets convert to fibrin.

a. increased blood oxygen

b. decreased blood oxygen

c. erythropoietin

d. kidney

e. red bone marrow

a. is a four-chambered muscular pump.

b. is posterior to the trachea.

c. is a thin walled, blood receiving chamber

d. lies mostly to the right of the midline of the sternum.

e. has a superior apex and an inferior base.

a. Aorta

b. right atrium

c. pulmonary trunk

d. pulmonary arteries

e. pulmonary veins

a. opening of sodium fast channels – depolarization

b. closing of calcium slow channels – plateau phase

c. opening of potassium channels – depolarization

d. closure of sodium channels – threshold

e. opening of calcium slow channels – repolarization

a. the first heart sound.

b. the second heart sound.

c. a heart murmur.

d. an extra heart beat.

e. end-systolic volume.

a. left atrium

b. aortic semilunar valve

c. bicuspid (mitral) valve

d. right atrium

e. pulmonary semilunar valve

a. from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium.

b. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.

c. from the right ventricle through the lungs to the left atrium.

d. from the right ventricle through the lungs to the right atrium.

e. from the left ventricle to the lungs.

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• The is a great resource

11. Arteries 

a. carry blood away from the heart.

b. carry blood under very high pressure.

c. may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.

d. are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood.

e. have thick, many layered walls.

a. brachiocephalic vein.

b. superior vena cava.

c. hepatic portal vein.

d. azygos vein.

e. pulmonary arteries.

13. When the blood pressure is high, normal blood vessels will

a. be hypotensive.

b. increase in blood flow.

c. increase in peripheral resistance.

d. collapse.

e. expand.

a. the lymph capillaries do not normally contain formed elements.

b. the lymphatic vessels have their own “pump” to assist flow.

c. lymph capillaries do not contain any fluid.

d. lymph capillaries allow free movement of fluid in and out of the capillaries.

e. lymph circulates fluids and cardiovascular does not.

a. splenic trabeculae

b. blood-spleen barrier

c. red pulp

d. white pulp

e. splenic cavity

a. adaptive.

b. inborn.

c. formed by antibodies.

d. part of complement.

e. controlled by plasma proteins.

a. spleen

b. thymus

c. axillary lymph node

d. inguinal lymph node

e. thoracic duct

a. movement of air into and out of the lungs.

b. gas exchange between the blood and the tissues.

c. transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

d. gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood.

e. respiration at the cellular level.

a. 1, 2, 3, 4

b. 2, 1, 3, 4

c. 4, 3, 1, 2

d. 3, 2, 1, 4

e. 4, 3, 2, 1

a. in the form of bicarbonate ions.

b. bound to albumin compounds.

c. dissolved in the plasma.

d. by the leukocytes.

e. bound to hemoglobin.

a. Hering-Breuer reflex

b. receptors for touch, temperature, pain stimuli

c. medullary chemoreceptors

d. carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors

e. proprioceptors

a. fuel cellular respiration

b. food selection

c. elimination of undigested food

d. regulation of blood pH

e. integration and coordination of other systems

a. secretes saliva.

b. plays a major role in swallowing.

c. contains a lot of connective and lymphatic tissues.

d. is attached to the hard palate.

e. functions in deglutition apnea.

a. muscularis – two layers; both circular

b. rugae – folds of mucosa and submucosa

c. mucosa – gastric glands

d. villi – folds of the mucosa

e. lining – simple columnar epithelium

a. pancreatic juice from entering the duodenum.

b. bile from entering the duodenum.

c. lymph from entering the jejunum.

d. chyme from entering the duodenum.

e. chyme from entering the large intestine.

a. Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter this organ.

b. Segmentation contractions occur in this organ.

c. Little absorption occurs in this organ.

d. Mixing and propulsion of chyme.

e. All of these choices apply to the small intestine.

a. Microvilli

b. epithelial cell

c. capillary

d. lacteal

e. villus

a. is a nutrient in foods.

b. is necessary for the body’s utilization of nutrients.

c. is water soluble.

d. is lipid soluble.

e. All of these choices are correct.

a. adipose tissue.

b. glucose.

c. energy storage.

d. glycogen.

e. All of these choices are correct.

a. glucose.

b. pyruvate.

c. fat.

d. cellulose.

e. creatine.

a. preventing blood loss.

b. white blood cell production.

c. increasing blood pressure.

d. excretion of nitrogenous wastes (such as urea).

e. production of the hormone aldosterone.

a. glomerulus.

b. ascending loop of Henle.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. proximal convoluted tubule.

e. descending loop of Henle.

a. tubular pressure

b. renal pressure

c. colloid osmotic pressure

d. glomerular capillary pressure

e. None of these choices is correct.

a. proximal convoluted tubule.

b. loop of Henle.

c. distal convoluted tubule.

d. glomerulus.

e. collecting duct.

a. plasma

b. interstitial compartment

c. intracellular compartment

d. extracellular compartment

e. lymph

a. baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion.

b. low blood pressure stimulates renin secretion.

c. the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased.

d. aldosterone levels increase.

e. baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.

a. promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.

b. promotes osteoclast activity in the bones.

c. reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys.

d. increases extracellular calcium ion levels.

e. All of the above are functions of PTH.

a. are located in the abdominal cavity.

b. are in the scrotum.

c. regulate a temperature that is suitable for normal sperm development.

d. is isolated from the accessory glands of the system.

e. are inferior to the bulbo-urethral glands.

a. the granulosa cells become corpus luteum cells.

b. estrogen increases but progesterone decreases.

c. the level of LH rises..

d. GnRH receptors upregulate.

e. corpus luteum degenerates.

a. vagina

b. cervix

c. uterus

d. ovary

e. uterine tube