NRS433V Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi Case Study

Research Critiques and PICOT Question Guidelines – Final Draft Use this document to organize the content from your four studies into your final draft. Quantitative and Quantitative Studies Background 1. Summary of studies. Include problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research question. How do these two articles support the nurse practice issue you chose? 1. Discuss how these articles will be used to answer your PICOT question. 2. Describe how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in your PICOT question. Method of Study: 1. State the methods of the articles you are comparing and describe how they are different. 2. Consider the methods you identified in your chosen articles and state one benefit and one limitation of each method. Results of Study 1. Summarize the key findings of each of the studies into a comprehensive summary. 2. What are the implications of the four studies you chose in nursing practice? Ethical Considerations 1. Discuss two ethical consideration in conducting research. 2. Describe how the researchers in the four articles you choose took these ethical considerations into account while performing their research. Outcomes Comparison 1. What are the anticipated outcomes for your PICOT question? 2. How do the outcomes of the four articles you chose compare to your anticipated outcomes? © 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. PICOT Question and Literature Search Name Amandeep Kaur Institution Affiliations Grand Canyon University Clinical Problem or Issue Hand washing hygiene by nurses during clinical procedures Compliance with cleaning hand hygiene by nurses is a crucial measure of preventing infections associated with various clinical procedures. Research has shown that there is low compliance on handwashing hygiene among healthcare workers (Chatfield et al.). During treatment and patients care, nurses perform various nursing procedures to many patients that require that involve a lot of contact with them. Nurses need to practice correct hygiene of their hands to prevent infections associated with clinical procedures. The moments that call for strict adherence to hand hygiene in the clinical procedures occur before touching the patient, before the nurse performs aseptic procedures, after the nurse is exposed to the body fluid, after touching patient, and immediately the nurse comes from the surrounding of the patients. Increasing compliance with hand-hygiene among healthcare nurses remains a big challenge to the clinicians. Therefore, to minimize infections associated with the clinical procedures, it is essential to educate nurses on the need to comply with hand hygiene rule during patient care. Observance of hand hygiene is the first step toward developing teaching methods that improve the overall compliance even among the patient. Then, education on hand hygiene should be improved theoretically and during nursing placement to ensure compliance of all the nurses. The PICOT Question Question: Does observing hand-hygiene by nurses during clinical procedures reduce the transmission of clinical-acquired infections? P- Clinical nurses and clinical-acquires infections I – Observing hand-hygiene C- Alternative includes wearing of glove or masks O- Reducing hospital-acquired infection T- Every time Research Articles Ay, P., Teker, A. G., Hidiroglu, S., Tepe, P., Surmen, A., Sili, U., & Karavus, M. (2019). A A qualitative study of hand hygiene compliance among health care workers in intensive care units. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 13(02), 111-117. Chatfield, S. L., DeBois, K., Nolan, R., Crawford, H., & Hallam, J. S. (2017). Hand hygiene Among healthcare workers: a qualitative Meta summary using the GRADE-CERQual process. Journal of infection prevention, 18(3), 104-120. Ho, S. E., Ho, C. C., Hng, S. H., Liu, C. Y., Jaafar, M. Z., & Lim, B. (2013). Nurses’ compliance To hand hygiene practice and knowledge at Klang Valley hospital. La Clinica Terapeutica, 164(5), 407-411. Joshi, S. C., Diwan, V., Tamhankar, A. J., Joshi, R., Shah, H., Sharma, M, & Lundborg, C. S. (2012). A qualitative study on perceptions of hand hygiene among hospital staff in a rural teaching hospital in India. Journal of Hospital Infection, 80(4), 340-344. McInnes, E., Phillips, R., Middleton, S., & Gould, D. (2014). A qualitative study of senior Hospital managers’ views on current and innovative strategies to improve hand hygiene. BMC infectious diseases, 14(1), 611. Zhao, Q., Yang, M. M., Huang, Y. Y., & Chen, W. (2018). How to make hand hygiene Interventions are more attractive to nurses: A discrete choice experiment. PloS one, 13(8), e0202014. PICOT Question and Literature Search Name Amandeep Kaur Institution Affiliations Grand Canyon University Clinical Problem or Issue Hand washing hygiene by nurses during clinical procedures Compliance with cleaning hand hygiene by nurses is a crucial measure of preventing infections associated with various clinical procedures. Research has shown that there is low compliance on handwashing hygiene among healthcare workers (Chatfield et al.). During treatment and patients care, nurses perform various nursing procedures to many patients that require that involve a lot of contact with them. Nurses need to practice correct hygiene of their hands to prevent infections associated with clinical procedures. The moments that call for strict adherence to hand hygiene in the clinical procedures occur before touching the patient, before the nurse performs aseptic procedures, after the nurse is exposed to the body fluid, after touching patient, and immediately the nurse comes from the surrounding of the patients. Increasing compliance with hand-hygiene among healthcare nurses remains a big challenge to the clinicians. Therefore, to minimize infections associated with the clinical procedures, it is essential to educate nurses on the need to comply with hand hygiene rule during patient care. Observance of hand hygiene is the first step toward developing teaching methods that improve the overall compliance even among the patient. Then, education on hand hygiene should be improved theoretically and during nursing placement to ensure compliance of all the nurses. The PICOT Question Question: Does observing hand-hygiene by nurses during clinical procedures reduce the transmission of clinical-acquired infections? P- Clinical nurses and clinical-acquires infections I – Observing hand-hygiene C- Alternative includes wearing of glove or masks O- Reducing hospital-acquired infection T- Every time Research Articles Ay, P., Teker, A. G., Hidiroglu, S., Tepe, P., Surmen, A., Sili, U., & Karavus, M. (2019). A A qualitative study of hand hygiene compliance among health care workers in intensive care units. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 13(02), 111-117. Chatfield, S. L., DeBois, K., Nolan, R., Crawford, H., & Hallam, J. S. (2017). Hand hygiene Among healthcare workers: a qualitative Meta summary using the GRADE-CERQual process. Journal of infection prevention, 18(3), 104-120. Ho, S. E., Ho, C. C., Hng, S. H., Liu, C. Y., Jaafar, M. Z., & Lim, B. (2013). Nurses’ compliance To hand hygiene practice and knowledge at Klang Valley hospital. La Clinica Terapeutica, 164(5), 407-411. Joshi, S. C., Diwan, V., Tamhankar, A. J., Joshi, R., Shah, H., Sharma, M, & Lundborg, C. S. (2012). A qualitative study on perceptions of hand hygiene among hospital staff in a rural teaching hospital in India. Journal of Hospital Infection, 80(4), 340-344. McInnes, E., Phillips, R., Middleton, S., & Gould, D. (2014). A qualitative study of senior Hospital managers’ views on current and innovative strategies to improve hand hygiene. BMC infectious diseases, 14(1), 611. Zhao, Q., Yang, M. M., Huang, Y. Y., & Chen, W. (2018). How to make hand hygiene Interventions are more attractive to nurses: A discrete choice experiment. PloS one, 13(8), e0202014. Critical Appraisal • Background study • How the Articles Support the Nurse Practice Issue • Method of Study • Results of Study • Ethical Considerations Critical Appraisal Institution Affiliation Grand Canyon University Date: 09/29/19 Background of Study This paper incorporates an assessment of two qualitative studies. The research articles examine the issue of communication among nurses and how it influences the quality of care provided to patients. The research problem in the two studies is communication in the healthcare setting. According to the two research cases, effective communication is hindered by barriers such as language and poor relationships among nurses or care providers with the patients. Poor communication also minimizes the quality of care provided to the patients. The first qualitative assessment focuses on the barriers to effective therapeutic communication. The study by Amoah and other scholars aims to explore the apparent obstacles to effective communication between nurses and their patients. This study insists that therapeutic communication is significant in ensuring that patients receive quality healthcare (Amoah et al. 2019). As such, the authors investigate obstacles in communication at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi. In another study, Madula and other scholars conducted qualitative research of the women’s perception of communication during childbirth. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nature of communication in maternal healthcare. The researchers planned to identify the obstacles to communication among healthcare provider and patients. Also, the study wanted to investigate how the barriers to communication influenced maternal healthcare. The investigations were carried out in a care facility based in Malawi. The two studies have similar objectives which entail identifying the barriers to communication among patients and nurses or healthcare providers and how they affect the quality of care. The significance of nursing is that they help the field understand the value of effective communication in providing quality care to patients. How the Articles Support the Nurse Practice Issue The two articles will help answer a PICOT question. The question will incorporate the five elements, including patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time. The patient of interest includes all women, and the intervention is establishing a positive relationship between patients and care providers. The comparison is having an interpreter present to minimize language barrier, the outcome is effective communication, and the time is the period patients are expected to be within the hospital environment. The PICOT question, in this case, is how positive relations between women patients and healthcare providers contribute to effective communication as opposed to having an interpreter in the hospitals throughout the time a patient remains in care facilities? The interventions and comparison groups in the PICOT question are similar to the ones in the studies. For instance, one of the barriers to effective communication identified in the studies is the relationship between patients and care providers. Another crucial obstacle to effective communication is the language barrier. The PICOT question compares positive relationships among patients and caregivers and having interpreters to minimize language barriers. As such, these interventions can help in nursing to increase healthcare provider-patient communication. Moreover, effective communication helps in delivering quality care to patients. Method of Study Each research case applied a different methodology in collecting data that would help in making the inferences. In the first study by Amoah and other scholars, an exploratory study design was used. The design was integrated into the research with the help of a qualitative approach. A purposive sampling method was also employed to identify the 13 nurses and patients who participated in the study (Amoah et al. 2019). The sample selected was interviewed with an unstructured interview guide. The interview sessions were audio-taped and examined through thematic content analysis. The second study, however, employed descriptive research that integrated qualitative collection methods and analysis. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews. A semi-structured guide was implemented to gather information concerning the opinion of women abut communication with healthcare providers (Madula, Kalembo, Yu & Kaminga, 2018). Thirty interviews were conducted in six distinct hospitals with women waiting for delivery in different regions in Malawi. Nevertheless, a thematic approach was applied in the analysis. Although the two studies are qualitative, they apply different methods of collecting data. The exploratory research benefits the researchers due to the flexibility of sources, increase knowledge of scholars, and helps in making better conclusions. In contrast, this method has certain limitations, including research is susceptible to interpreter bias and interpretation of study findings is judgmental. On the other hand, the descriptive research method collects in-depth information, and participants are observed in a natural setting. However, the limitations are that findings are exposed to researcher bias, participants may not be truthful, and confidential is an issue of concern. Results of Study The study by Amoah et al. (2019) revealed various patient-related characteristics as the obstacles to productive interactions between healthcare providers and patients. Some of the barriers identified in the study include misconception, language, patient-nurse relationship, and pain. On the other hand, nurse-related obstacles include lack of knowledge, dissatisfaction, and workload. These barriers were identified at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. The second research case by Madula and other scholars also identified themes connected to the nature of communication between patients and care providers. Some of the elements that impact communication include verbal abuse and lack of respect, the interaction between patients and the healthcare provider, language barriers, discrimination, lack of competence in non-verbal interaction, and failure to entertain questions (Madula, Kalembo, Yu & Kaminga, 2018). Based on the two studies, barriers to effective communication include language, lack of respect, relationships between patients and care providers, dissatisfaction, and workload. Poor communication limits the quality of care provided to the patients. Ethical Considerations Ethical considerations in research include issues such as honesty and integrity and objectivity. In the study, the authors should report the correct information, including the data and results. Researchers should not make up data and findings. Objectivity is also significant as it helps in avoiding bias. A study should incorporate the research elements such as peer review, data analysis, design, and interpretation. The two studies took into account the ethical considerations while conducting research. For instance, the researchers observed honesty and integrity by reporting the data collected during analysis from interviews with the study participants. Also, they integrated objectivity by ensuring that they utilized research methods and designs such as descriptive and exploratory study techniques. For instance, in the first study, the scholars used an exploratory study method and interviews to collect data. Similarly, in the second research case, the authors employed a descriptive study technique and face-to-face interviews in gather data. Moreover, each study selected a sample population to collect reliable information regarding communication in the healthcare setting. NRS433V Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi Case Study

References Amoah, V. M. K., Anokye, R., Boakye, D. S., Acheampong, E., Budu-Ainooson, A., Okyere, E., … & Afriyie, J. O. (2019). A qualitative assessment of perceived barriers to effective therapeutic communication among nurses and patients. BMC nursing, 18(1), 4. Madula, P., Kalembo, F. W., Yu, H., & Kaminga, A. C. (2018). Healthcare provider-patient communication: a qualitative study of women’s perceptions during childbirth. Reproductive health, 15(1), 135. Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Name: Amandeep Kaur Institutional Affiliation: Grand Canyon University Introduction A critical appraisal of articles and other source materials plays a significant role in the thorough synthesis of the content. In the process, there are higher chances of applying the suggestions recommended as solutions. The following paper is a critical appraisal of two documents on the issue of the application of medical research. Following the PICOT question that focused on the importance of medical research. The paper will create a better understanding of the documents and provide the critical analysis that improves the implementation of the solutions forwarded. The inclusion of two texts further provides the paper with a platform for a useful comparison of the processes used. Strengths and Weaknesses There are notable strengths in Helbig (2018) where the research’s data sources are appropriate. The data sources are people directly affected by issues in the medical industry. Additionally, there is an in-depth analysis of the causes of the challenge and development of statistical results. In Fain (2017), the author made extensive use of theories and modes that provide a better understanding of the problem. The examination of the history and background of the challenge allows for keen analysis of the issue. In the process, the target audience is aware of the causes and development of the problem. Notably, the author places importance on details, which increases the validity of the argument. One of the noted weaknesses in Heibig (2018) is the use of verbal interviews. Irrespective of having direct access to data, the use of oral interviews might lead to conflicting accounts of a similar issue. In such instances, the research requires research with an in-depth understanding of the hypothesis. In Fain (2017), the weakness noted is on the fact that the study based its processes on two data analysis methods. In the process, the researcher has the responsibility of managing the vast amount of data collected, which leads to increased chances of biases. More so, the design of the research has large amounts of statistical details, an issue that might be problematic during the presentation phase. Usefulness and Validity Assessment of the usefulness and validity of source material is an issue that requires an understanding of the methodology and the results. In Helbig (2018), the hypothesis surrounded a practical matter that has adverse impacts on the medical industry. Therefore, following the hypothesis of the research, the results provide practical solutions. In addition, the research has detailed statistical data that has the potential of being references to future studies. In essence, the validity of the study is dependent on the methodology applied. A keen analysis of the situation shows that the data collection methods and tools used, for instance, allow for valid results. The issue of the application of medical research suggestions is a matter of great importance. Fain (2017) uses peer-reviewed sources as references. Such sources provide valid information that increases the validity of the results. Additionally, the reporting of the results uses a practical method that is easy to understand. In the process, it is easy for the target audience to utilize the findings. The selection of the data sources also increased the validity of the results. The use of appropriate data sources also increases the collection of suitable data for the study. Appropriateness of the Study Design Heibig (2017) uses quantitative data analysis. The design is appropriate for the type of study as it requires accuracy. …