The Working Cell & Basic Energy Concepts Kinetic & Potential Energy

Chapter 5: The Working Cell Name ________________________ Section _________ Chapter 5: The Working Cell Guided Reading Activities Chapter Content: Some Basic Energy Concepts Complete the following questions as you read the fifth chapter content—Some Basic Energy Concepts: 1. How is energy defined? 2. Complete the table that compares kinetic to potential energy. Kinetic energy Potential energy Description Example 3. The fact that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as the principle of _____________ __________________ 4. Is it possible for a candy bar to have different kinds of energy at the same time? Briefly explain. 5. Energy is never created or destroyed.

What happened to the energy that was stored in your gas tank after your car comes to a stop as a result of running out of gas? A) The energy was lost. B) Entropy decreased in the universe. C) It was converted to heat. D) The car gained energy. Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. 33 Chapter 5: The Working Cell 6. True or false: Every energy conversion will increase the entropy within a system. If false, make it a correct statement. ___________ 7. What two by-products are produced as a result of energy conversion during combustion of gasoline and cellular respiration? 8. Use Figure 5.3 on page 78 of your textbook to answer the following questions: 9. A) How many kilocalories does a burrito contain? _________ B) How many calories are in that same burrito? ___________ C) How long would you need to swim in order to burn the calories from that one burrito? _____________________ Define a calorie. Chapter Content: ATP and Cellular Work Complete the following questions as you read the fifth chapter content—ATP and Cellular Work: 1. True or false: The energy contained in the food we eat directly powers all of our cellular activities. If false, please make it a correct statement. 2. What is the relationship between ADP and ATP within a cell? 34 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5: The Working Cell 3. A cell pumps certain ions against their concentration gradient in order to maintain gradients for those ions. Which of the three types of cellular work would this be an example of? 4. Phosphorylation is the process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule. The phosphorylation of ADP creates _____________. 5. Where does the energy come from to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP? Use Figure 5.6 from page 80 of your textbook. Chapter Content: Enzymes Complete the following questions as you read the fifth chapter content—Enzymes: 1. A molecule that speeds up chemical reactions is a(n) _______________. 2. The amount of energy needed to perform a chemical reaction is the _______________________. A) Activation energy B) Substrate energy C) Active site D) Inhibition site Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. 35 Chapter 5: The Working Cell 3. Use Figure 5.7 in your textbook on page 80 to answer this question. What has the enzyme done to the reaction? 4. In pole vaulting, the higher the bar is placed, the more difficult it is to clear it. Explain why this is a good analogy to help students understand enzymes and activation energy. 5. The relationship between an enzyme’s active site and its substrate is most like which of the following? A) A comb and hair B) A car and a driver C) A scarf and a hand D) A key and a lock 6.

The graph on page 80 in your textbook illustrates the difference between a chemical reaction with and without an enzyme. Can the reaction in Figure 5.7a still occur without the enzyme? Briefly explain your answer. 36 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5: The Working Cell 7. Enzyme activity can be inhibited. Describe two ways in which enzymes can be inhibited. How are they similar? How are they different? Chapter Content: Membrane Function Complete the following questions as you read the fifth chapter content—Membrane Function: 1. List three functions that membrane proteins can perform for a cell. A) B) C) 2. Match the following terms with their description: passive transport, diffusion, active transport, concentration gradient, solute, and osmosis. A) Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane: ______________ B) Movement across a cell membrane that requires no energy from a cell: _______ C) Movement of a substance from high to low concentration: ____________ D) When there is a difference in the amount of a substance across a membrane: _____ ___________ F) A substance dissolved in a solution: __________ 3. A cell is placed into a beaker containing a 3% sucrose solution.

The cell contains a 5% sucrose solution. Use an arrow to illustrate the direction in which water will diffuse in the figure below. Assume the cell’s membrane is permeable to water, but not permeable to the sucrose. 4. Complete the table that compares terms associated with tonicity. Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. 37 Chapter 5: The Working Cell Isotonic solution Hypotonic solution Hypertonic solution Each term refers to… Effect on a plant cell if placed in a… Effect on an animal cell if placed in a… 5. Use Figure 5.13 on page 84 of your textbook to answer the following question. What process would occur if the membrane that separates the two sides of the tube was permeable to the sugar molecules? 6. 38 In contrast to passive transport, active transport pumps a substance ____________ its gradient Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. …