Assignment: Glucose Production by Lactase

Assignment: Glucose Production by Lactase

Assignment: Glucose Production by Lactase

Enzyme Lactase Write up

The heat speeds up the reaction rate of lactase as it breaks the glycoside bond in the double-sugar, lactose, resulting in the two single-sugars of glucose and galactose.All enzymes have a range of temperatures when they are active, but there are certain temperatures where they work optimally. When the temperature increase or decrease it will automatically change the rate of glucose as it goes up and down. If the enzyme ability will break down, then lactose will be inhibited to the temperature when it increases or decreases. In my opinion the reaction rate of the lactase increases from 15 degrees c up to the range of 70 to 125 degrees c where it drops off dramatically.

Enzymes are catalysts that, within the mild conditions of temperature, pH, and pressure of the cells, carry out chemical reactions at a great rate. They are known by a remarkable efficiency and specificity. And in the other hand RNA molecules have catalytic activity called ribosome. Enzymes are proteins that have the ability to bind substrate in their active site and then chemically modify the bound substrate, converting it to a different molecule the product of the reaction. The enzyme lactase is used to break down the sugar lactose, found in mammalian milk. Other enzymes are known by a common name, such as pepsin

Lactase is an enzyme produced by a lot of organizmies.  It is located in the brush border of the small intestine of humans and other mammals. For example, lactase can be purchased as a food supplement, and is added to milk to produce “lactose-free” milk products. In humans, lactase is particularly abundant during infancy. It is a so-called  enzyme, produced by cells known as  that line the intestinal walls and form the brush border, a chemical barrier through which food must pass to be absorbed.

Data:

An enzyme is a protein that catalyze chemical reactions. The optimal temperature of most enzymes, or the temperature at which enzymes best facilitate reactions, is between 15 and 40 degrees Celsius. Increasing temperature within this window increases the rate of reaction, because it excites molecules and increases the rate at which enzymes/reactants collide and react to make product. So my optimum temperature will be 35 degrees Celsius because it is providing with a better look how the affects of temperature on the glucose concentration increasing every time you add time to it.

Graph 1: Glucose concentration (mg/dL) in 4 minutes as temperature varies between 10-125 °C

Glucose Concentration

Temperature

Graph 2: Glucose concentration (mg/dL) in 7 minutes as temperature varies between 10-125 °C

Glucose Concentration

Temperature

Graph 3: Glucose concentration (mg/dL) in 11 minutes as temperature varies between 10-125 °C

Glucose Concentration

Temperature

In order for us to study the concept of lactase specificity we need to know the design of an experiment using lactase enzyme stimulation. In this experiment we used the enzyme lactase to see the increase of the chemical reaction and how to break down the lactase into glucose. The independent variable that I used was the temperature and the dependent variable was the glucose concentrations and the control group will be the pH, this is the enzyme activity. Enzyme Specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to choose exact substrate from a group of similar chemical molecules. The substrate is relatively smaller than the enzyme. Therefore, the substrate is binding with a portion of the enzyme. The substrate is attached to the enzyme with weak bonding forces such as hydrogen bond, electrostatic interactions, and dipole-dipole interactions. The substrates are usually complementary to the enzymes. However, it is possible that they do not fit perfectly each other. It is a molecular recognition mechanism and it operates through the structural and conformational complementarily between enzyme and substrate. And it has multiple stages such as Group specificity – the enzyme will act only on molecules that have specific functional groups, such as amino, phosphate and methyl groups. Then the second one is substrate specificity which is bind with chemical reactants. There is more than one substrate for an enzyme, depending on the chemical reaction. In some reactions a single substrate might be broken in down into multiple pieces, but at the same time sometimes two substrate can come together.

That’s how my data is showing how the increasing of the temperature can affect the enzymes activity. In my data its showing us that when the temperature goes down as 5 degree Celsius will not have any charge because the enzyme does not work in a low temperature as 5c, but in the other hand also the enzyme does not work in high temperature like 125 degree Celsius. So like the data is showing the enzymes activity work in the temperature between 10 and 70 and it show that the charge is going up because the increase there shows the temperature is increasing the enzymes activity too. Assignment: Glucose Production by Lactase

In this experiment we used the enzyme lactase to see the increase of the chemical reaction and how to break down the lactase into glucose. The independent variable that I used was the temperature and the dependent variable was the glucose concentrations and the control group will be the pH, this is the enzyme activity.

The data on the top is showing how the increasing of the temperature can affect the enzymes activity. In my data its showing us that when the temperature goes down as 5 degree Celsius will not have any charge because the enzyme does not work in a low temperature as 5c, but in the other hand also the enzyme does not work in high temperature like 125 degree Celsius. So like the data is showing the enzymes activity work in the temperature between 10 and 70 and it show that the charge is going up because the increase there shows the temperature is increasing the enzymes activity too.