Assignment: Biology Organelles and Microorganism

Assignment: Biology Organelles and Microorganism

Assignment: Biology Organelles and Microorganism

BIOL 120 UNIT 1: SCIENTIFIC PROCESS & COMPONENTS OF LIFE EXAM REVIEW GUIDE *This review may not include of all of the material you may find on the exam. Any information covered in the recorded lecture videos could be included on the exam, however this review guide is intended to help you as you study for the exam. • NATURE OF SCIENCE o What is science? o What is biology? o Why is science unique? o What are the differences between qualitative and quantitative data? o What is the difference between subjective and objective? o Why is science tentative? o Why do we never “prove” anything in science? o Make sure to understand the meaning of the following words: ▪ Empirical ▪ Observation ▪ Inference • SCIENTIFIC PROCESS o What are the steps of the scientific method? (in order) o What do scientists do when their experiments are not working? o Why does the scientific process never end? o What are the three types of studies?]

Be able to describe each type and give examples. o Why doesn’t correlation = causation? o What are the three conditions that must be met for hypotheses? o Be able to identify appropriate hypotheses. o What is the experimental variable? What is the dependent variable? What are controlled variables? o Be able to identify variables used in an experiment. o What is a control group? What is an experimental group? o Be able to identify groups used in an experiment. o How can scientists increase the reliability of an experiment? o Be able to draw conclusions from data. o Why is the scientific process important? o How can you determine if something is science vs. pseudoscience? o Make sure to understand the meaning of the following words: ▪ Truth ▪ Theory ▪ Law • CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE o What are the 7 Characteristics of Life? ▪ Be able to describe the characteristics (not just list them) o Make sure to understand the meaning of the following words: ▪ Organism ▪ Asexual reproduction ▪ Hierarchal levels ▪ Autotroph ▪ Sexual reproduction ▪ Heterotroph • WATER o Why is water polar? o What part of an atom is important for the polarity of water? o What type of bond can water form due to its polarity? o Why is water known as the “universal solvent”? o What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? o Be able to describe how water is resistant to temperature change. o Overall what is the reason that water has all of these special properties? o Make sure to understand the meaning of the following words: ▪ Polar ▪ Hydrophilic ▪ Nonpolar ▪ Hydrophobic ▪ Electronegativity ▪ Cohesion ▪ Solvent ▪ Adhesion ▪ Solute ▪ Surface tension • pH o o o o o o o o o o o • What is pH? What does it mean if a solution is acidic? (in relation to H+ and OH-) What does it mean if a solution is basic? (in relation to H+ and OH-) What does it mean if a solution is neutral? (in relation to H+ and OH-) What splits apart to form H+ and OH-? What is the range of the pH scale? What numbers on the pH scale refer to acids? What numbers on the pH scale refer to bases? What numbers on the pH scale refer to neutral solutions? Which number is the most acidic? Which number is the most basic? Assignment: Biology Organelles and Microorganism

What happens when you combine an acid and a base? Why do people take tums or liquid antacids when they have heartburn? MACROMOLECULES o What is a molecule? o Which elements make up 99% of living things? o What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules? o What are the four macromolecules? o What is the difference between an anabolic reaction and a catabolic reaction? o What are examples of carbohydrates? What is the monomer for carbohydrates? o What are the three types of carbohydrates? How are they different? What are the functions of each? o What are examples of lipids? What is the monomer for lipids? o What are the three types of lipids? How are they different? What are the functions of each? o What is different between saturated and unsaturated fats? o What is the monomer for proteins? Why is there a wide variety of proteins? o What are the 6 different functions for proteins? Be able to describe each. o What are examples of nucleic acids? Assignment: Biology Organelles and Microorganism

What is the monomer for nucleic acids? o What is the function of nucleic acids? o Make sure to understand the meaning of the following words: ▪ Monomer ▪ Metabolism ▪ Anabolic reaction ▪ Calories ▪ Catabolic reaction ▪ Metabolic Rate • CELLS o What are cells? o What does the Cell Theory say? o Why don’t all cells look the same? o What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? o What are the characteristics of a eukaryotic cells? o Make sure you understand the function and cell type (in which they are found- prokaryotic, eukaryotic, animal, plant) for each of the following organelles: ▪ Nucleus ▪ Lysosomes ▪ Ribosomes ▪ Flagella/Cilia ▪ Plasma (cell) membrane ▪ Cell Wall ▪ Mitochondria ▪ Chloroplasts ▪ Endoplasmic Reticulum ▪ Central Vacuole (rough and smooth) ▪ Golgi Apparatus ▪ Cytoplasm o o o o o o Compare and contrast passive and active transport through the cell membrane. Be able to identify the input and output for photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Which types of organisms undergo photosynthesis? Which types of organisms undergo cellular respiration? Compare and contrast animal and plant cells. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. …