N5315 Altered Cellular Function and Cancer Assignment
N5315 Altered Cellular Function and Cancer Assignment
N5315 Altered Cellular Function and Cancer Assignment
N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Altered Cellular Function and Cancer
Module Core Concepts and Objectives with Advanced Organizers
Cellular Physiology
- Analyze the steps of the action potential.
- Examine how the action potential is altered by calcium and potassium imbalances.
| Topic | Describe the Action Potential | How is the action potential altered by a potassium imbalance? | How is the action potential altered by a calcium imbalance? |
| Action Potential Physiology |
Cellular Adaptation Patterns
- Analyze the differences between cellular adaptation patterns.
- Differentiate between the etiology and the pathophysiology of atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia and identify an example of each. N5315 Altered Cellular Function and Cancer Assignment
| Disease | Etiology | Pathophysiology | Example |
| Atrophy | |||
| Hypertrophy | |||
| Hyperplasia | |||
| Dysplasia | |||
| Metaplasia |
- Identify a physiologic and pathophysiologic example for atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia.
| Disease | Physiologic Example | Pathologic Example |
| Atrophy | ||
| Hypertrophy | ||
| Hyperplasia | ||
| Dysplasia | ||
| Metaplasia | N/A | N/A |
Mechanisms of Cellular Injury
- Analyze the mechanisms and outcomes of cellular injury.
- Differentiate between the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of cellular injuries caused by hypoxia, reperfusion injury, free radicals, and ethanol.
| Cellular Injury | Etiology | Clinical Manifestations | Pathophysiology |
| Hypoxic Injury | |||
| Reperfusion Injury | |||
| Free Radical and Reactive Oxygen Species | |||
| Ethanol |
- Evaluate the process of necrosis, infarct, apoptosis, and autophagy.
| Cell Death | Cellular Effect |
| Necrosis | |
| Infarct | |
| Apoptosis | |
| Autophagy |
Altered Cellular Metabolism
- Analyze the cellular and body changes associated with aging.
- Examine the mechanisms and effects of altered cellular metabolism.
- Analyze the steps of ethanol metabolism and describe how it causes hepatocellular damage.
- Analyze the main concepts of ketogenesis.
| Ketogenesis Concept | Role |
| Role of the hepatocytes | |
| Role of the mitochondria | |
| Triggers for ketogenesis | |
| Role of Acetyl-CoA | |
| Effect on oxaloacetate |
Cancer
- Examine the basic concepts of cancer nomenclature and biology.
- Explain how a cancer cell’s biology differs from a normal cell’s biology.
| Normal Cell Biology | Cancer Cell Biology |
|
|
- Identify the cancer types which produce the tumor markers alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and prostate specific antigen.
| Tumor Marker | Origin |
| Alpha Fetoprotein | |
| Carcinoembryonic Antigen | |
| Beta Human Chorionic gonadotropin | |
| Prostate Specific Antigen |
- Identify the origins of a cancer based on the following cancer nomenclature: Carcino-, sarco-, -oma, -blastoma, and carcinoma in situ.
| Term | Definition | Example |
| Carcino- (prefix) | ||
| Sarco- (prefix) | ||
| -oma (suffix) | ||
| Carcinoma in Situ | ||
| -blastoma (suffix) |
- Analyze the patterns of metastasis of the specified cancers (lung, colorectal, testicular, prostate, breast, head and neck, ovarian, sarcoma, melanoma).
| Primary cancer | Sites of Metastasis |
| Lung | |
| Colorectal | |
| Testicular | |
| Prostate | |
| Breast | |
| Head and Neck | |
| Ovarian | |
| Sarcoma | |
| Melanoma |
- Evaluate and describe the mechanisms of cancer metastasis.
- Analyze the TNM staging system for cancers.
- Examine the role and function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in a cancer cell.
- Examine the role of the BRCA gene as it relates to the risk of developing cancer in men.
- Analyze the clinical manifestations of cancer: Paraneoplastic syndromes and Cachexia.
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