NURS 350 Week 5 Assignment Diseases and Conditions

NURS 350 Week 5 Assignment Diseases and Conditions

NURS 350 Week 5 Assignment Diseases and Conditions

You can access the Centers for Disease Control’s Diseases and Conditions page by visiting their website.

Pick a topic that interests you and look over any data or statistics that are available on it.
The use of evidence-based practice and epidemiology in your chosen topic should be discussed.

Public health practitioners have access to an ever-expanding evidence base that details programs and policies that have been scientifically evaluated and proven to work.
An evidence-based public health approach (EBPH) combines science-based interventions with community preferences in order to improve population health and reduce health disparity (1).
Evidence-based practice in medicine, nursing, psychology, and social work influenced the development of the EBPH concept.
Evidence-based decision-making, according to scholars in related fields, incorporates 1) the best available research evidence, 2) practitioner expertise and other available resources, and 3) individual characteristics, needs and preferences of those who will be affected by the intervention (2-5).

Figure depicts the various domains that impact evidence-based decision making.
According to Satterfield JM and co-authors (2).
This figure’s description is also available in the form of a textual description.

It is difficult to make public health decisions because of the complexity of the inputs and the group decision-making involved.
Cross-sectional studies and quasi-experimental studies, rather than the “gold standard” of randomized controlled trials used in clinical medicine, are often used in public health research.
Public health studies often lack a comparison group, and the interpretation of study results may necessitate consideration of multiple caveats.
Large-scale environmental or policy changes are often required to address the needs and preferences of large and often diverse populations when it comes to public health interventions.

Public health workers’ formal education has a wider range of options than medical students and residents (6).
The majority of public health workers lack formal training in a public health discipline like epidemiology or health education (7).
There is no single credential or license that certifies a public health practitioner, though the National Board of Public Health Examiners has begun voluntary credentialing (6).
Public health’s success is often attributed to its multidisciplinary approach, but this high level of heterogeneity also necessitates the consideration of multiple viewpoints when making decisions.

Contrary to popular belief, many public health initiatives are implemented because of political or media pressures, anecdotal evidence, or “the way it’s always been done” (8,9).
Barriers like a lack of resources, personnel with the necessary skills and experience and incentives, as well as lack of support from top management and elected officials limit the use of EBPH (8-12).
Additionally, health department leaders and practitioners, as well as policymakers, must be involved in EBPH’s wide-scale implementation in order to ensure its long-term viability.

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Scientifically-based public health is a necessity

Healthy People 2020, the 10-year national plan for achieving the nation’s health goals and objectives, is prompting practitioners to incorporate EBPH concepts in their work.
The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to “enhance policies and improve practices that are driven by the best available evidence and knowledge,” which necessitates multisectoral action (13).

Funders, particularly those from the federal government, frequently demand evidence-based programs.
To “carry out evidence-based clinical and community-based prevention and wellness strategies that deliver specific, measurable health outcomes that address chronic disease rates,” the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 allocated $650 million (14).
More than a dozen times in Title IV, Prevention of Chronic Disease and Improving Public Health, “evidence-based” is mentioned, which will provide $900 million to 75 communities over five years through Community Transformation Grants (15).

All levels of practice in urban and rural areas are expected to use EBPH due to federal funding in states, cities and tribes.
Training for public health workers is lacking, so on-the-job training and skill development are essential.
Even in local health departments, where practitioners may be less aware and slower to adopt evidence-based guidelines than state practitioners (16) and where training resources may be more limited, the need may be even greater.

It was based on a 1988 Institute of Medicine recommendation th

at public health professionals should have core competencies in areas such as epidemiology, health services research, and health policy.
For the broad practice of public health, these competencies are compatible with EBPH requirements, which have been updated in May 2010. (3).
The National Association of Chronic Disease Directors’ recommendations for state chronic disease programs and competencies are also compatible with EBPH (18).

Additionally, the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) now offers voluntary accreditation for health departments (PHAB).
In order to demonstrate that they are capable of delivering the three core functions of public health and the Ten Essential Public Health Services, health departments may apply for this accreditation (19).
the ability “to contribute to and apply public health research” is one of the PHAB’s 12 required domains for certification (19).
It stresses the importance of the best available evidence and the role of health departments in adding to evidence for promising practices that have already been proven (19).