pathophysiological terms

pathophysiological terms

 

After reading the clinical description, match the words or phrases in the paragraph to the term that best describes that concept. Please keep in mind that not all terms will have a match. IMPORTANT: Please keep in mind that you are not coding the scenario as you review and identify items; coding has many rules associated with how an encounter is coded. This exercise is solely about your ability to identify pathophysiology and pharmacology concepts in the excerpts.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• The is a great resource

 

 

Excerpt 1 Excerpt 2 Excerpt 3 Excerpt 4 Excerpt 5 Excerpt 6 Excerpt 7 Excerpt 8 Excerpt 9 Excerpt 10 Excerpt 11

1st Excerpt

Kimberly, a 37-year-old white woman, visited her family doctor and was referred to the radiation oncology department for consultation. Kimberly revealed to the oncologist that both her mother and sister had breast cancer. She has had “a long time” of heartburn and difficulty swallowing in the last 4 or 5 months. She describes pain immediately below the sternum that feels like gnawing or burning and describes food catching in her throat on occasion. Other complaints include weight loss of 30 pounds in the last 6 or 7 months, weakness, and nighttime coughing. A cancerous tumor was identified and staged after an endoscopy and biopsy of the esophageal tract, and plans for radiation and an esophagectomy are in the works.

Diagnos(es)

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

2nd Excerpt

Jane, a 12-year-old female, is being treated today for hypertension caused by Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), which was discovered after a biopsy of Jane’s mother’s placenta for genetic testing revealed that both her parents were carriers for the gene. Completed fetal blood work revealed an enzyme deficiency that was blocking gluticosteriod and mineralocorticoid hormones. Jane is regularly receiving hormonal treatment, and genitoplasty is being considered in the future. With continued treatment, normal sexual function is expected.

Diagnos(es)

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

3rd Excerpt

James, a 43-year-old man, has had chest congestion and a dry cough for 30 days. He has a history of similar issues, but was not experiencing any symptoms when he traveled to Buffalo to visit his brother, who owns dogs. Patient complains of shortness of breath while sleeping in the guest room bed; brother is a smoker. I’m not sure if he suffers from seasonal allergies. When a CBC with differential was ordered, the increased presence of lymphocytes suggested an allergic reaction. The doctor prescribed oral steroids and an albuterol inhaler and told him to come back if his cough didn’t go away.

Diagnos(es)

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

4th Excerpt

“Michelle” was hospitalized due to facial swelling, fever, and hypotension. She suffers from relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis, which causes severe fatigue. To treat her fatigue, her neurologist prescribed modafinil. One week later, she developed periorbital erythema and a clear conjunctival discharge on her face and scalp. She stopped taking modafinil and started taking diphenhydramine, but the rash did not go away. The patient’s immunity was weakened by the presence of steroids, and she contracted MRSA while in the hospital.

Diagnoses

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

5th Excerpt

Betty, a 29-year-old female, was given a PillCAM to swallow after presenting to her gastroenterologist with ongoing stomach pains following her cholecystectomy to rule out Crohn’s Disease. She was born with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, which was corrected with a pyloromyotomy at the age of three weeks. A review of the images revealed no pathological changes within the intestine, and a laparoscopy was scheduled to examine the original surgical site.

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

6th Excerpt

Frank, a 73-year-old white male with a history of multiple hospitalizations for COPD exacerbation and pneumonia, presented to the emergency department on March 9, 2015, complaining of severe shortness of breath and difficulty swallowing. He received three nebulizers at home with little improvement. On admission, Frank’s chest x-ray revealed some vascular congestion and bilateral pleural effusions. There was also patchy alveolar opacity in the right suprahilar region that appeared “mass-like.” Frank was discharged to home health after three days on a dysphagia diet with plenty of thin liquids. In addition, Frank’s discharge provider requested a dietary and speech therapy evaluation to treat chronic dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in the context of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

7th Excerpt

Peter, a 63-year-old obese man, was eating breakfast when he suddenly felt weakness and numbness in his left arm and leg. He ignored his symptoms and felt worse the next morning, when his vision began to blur. When his wife noticed her husband’s confusion, she immediately dialed 911, and he was taken by ambulance to the nearest Emergency Department. Peter’s background was notable for his 30-year, half-pack-a-day smoking habit. A CT scan confirmed the presence of a cerebrovascular event (ischemic stroke), and interarterial t-PA was administered. Peter was admitted to the hospital and began paralysis treatment a few days later.

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

8th Excerpt

“A 27-year-old Middle Eastern-descent male who was diagnosed with hemophilia when he was 4 or 5 years old and presented to the Emergency Department with excessive bleeding from an accidental knife cut.” He has a history of prolonged bleeding episodes after tooth extraction and excessive bruising since childhood, and he has a sister who has similar issues with excessive bleeding. His disease has not been monitored or treated on an outpatient basis due to a lack of continuity of care, and it is unknown which of the hemophilia types he may have. F5F8D is the most likely diagnosis based on the results of the coagulation studies, clinical presentation, and family history for the patient described in this case. To be certain of this diagnosis, molecular genetic testing would be required. Fresh frozen plasma, on the other hand, is sufficient for treatment.”

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

9th Excerpt

“Zoe” was brought in by her husband, who reports that she has been suffering from gradually progressive cognitive decline for about two years. The initial symptoms were memory loss, forgetting conversations, repeating herself, and repeatedly asking the same question. She had been a mortgage underwriter for 20 years before being laid off 18 months ago. Zoe is having trouble remembering the names of the characters in the TV shows she watches and is having difficulty looking things up on the Internet. Her husband has taken over the bills and finances because she is no longer able to write checks. She only takes over-the-counter vitamins and does not take any prescription medications. She denies having any focal neurologic symptoms and reports no headaches, fevers, or seizures. She is awake and alert. Her blood pressure is 121/70 mm Hg, and her pulse rate is 70 beats per minute. On the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination, she receives a 24/30, missing 4 points on orientation, 1 point on recall, and 1 point on intersecting pentagon drawing. To rule out any hematologic causes for the problems, the doctor started a laboratory panel workup that included a CBC and a B-12 review.

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

Exemplification 10

“Donald,” a 46-year-old man, went in for a follow-up visit after being released from the hospital after a 35-day stay after falling from a 20-foot-high ladder and landing on a concrete apron. During the follow-up visit, the patient’s serum sodium concentration was found to be 128 mEq/L, and he was referred to nephrology for evaluation of hyponatremia.

The patient complained of occasional dizziness and ongoing pain in the neck area during his visit to the nephrology clinic, but had no other complaints. Because he had urgent personal matters to attend to, the patient declined hospital admission for investigation and treatment of his hyponatremia. However, two days later, the patient is brought to the emergency department due to increased confusion and seizure. A serum Na+ and Plamsa osmolality workup confirmed hyponatremia associated with measured serum hypo-osmolality (SIADH). Following a consultation with a nephrologist, a corrective saline infusion was initiated.

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Etiology

Signs

Symptoms

Complications

Sequelae

Nosocomial

Treatment

Procedure

Examining living tissue

Medical Background

 

 

Cabot, R. C., Harris, N. L., M.D., Shepard, J. O., M.D., Rosenberg, E. S., M.D., Cort, A. M., M.D., Ebeling, S. H… (2007). Case 36-2007. 357(21), 2167-2178 in The New England Journal of Medicine. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcpc079030

F. Khani and M. Roshil (2012). Hemophilia was previously diagnosed in a 24-year-old man. 58:7 Clinical Chemistry URL: http://www.clinchem.org/content/58/7/1086.full.pdf

9th Excerpt

L.C. Sibert and D. Erten-Lyons (2015, September 3). A 51-Year-Old Woman Suffering from Cognitive and Functional Decline Medscape. http://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/850363 retrieved

Exemplification 10

F. Teran, E. Simon, and V. Batuman (2015, March 10). Hyponatremia in a 46-Year-Old Man Following a Head Trauma Medscape. URL: http://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/840976