NURS 6251 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY RESPONSE TO CLASSMATE

NURS 6251 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY RESPONSE TO CLASSMATE

NURS 6251 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY RESPONSE TO CLASSMATE

Please respond to selection of my colleagues’ response who selected a different type of diabetes than I did. Provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management.

BELOW IS MY COLLEAGUE (LAKEN,S ) POST TO RESPOND TO.
MY COLLEAGUE CHOSE GESTATIONAL DIABETES PLEASE RESPOND TO THAT.

Diabetes and Drug Treatments

There are several different types of diabetes and methods to treat them. Rosenthal and Burchum (2021) explained that diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that results in a deficiency of insulin or cellular resistance to insulin actions. People can develop diabetes at any age or stage of life. The different types that will be addressed are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes.

Differences Between Diabetes Types

Type 1 diabetes, according to Rosenthal and Burchum (2021), was called juvenile-onset diabetes this term is no longer as standard due to juveniles also acquiring type 2. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the most common types and have similar signs and symptoms. Rosenthal and Burchum (2021) explained that type 1 diabetes is the destruction of pancreatic b cells, which are responsible for insulin synthesis and release to the bloodstream. Some of the characteristics that are related to type 1 diabetes, according to Rosenthal and Burchum (2021), are that this usually has an abrupt onset in childhood, accounts for about 5% of diabetes cases, not typically genetic, these people are usually thin, and blood glucose levels fluctuate widely. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), the symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are frequent urination, thirsty, hungry, blurry vision, tired, dry skin, and sores that heal slowly. Although these symptoms are common for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes can be initially asymptomatic. Rosenthal and Burchum (2021) explained that characteristics of type 1 diabetes are onset is usually gradual with older people, expected to be hereditary, accounts for 90%-95% of diabetes cases, these people are frequently obese, and blood glucose levels are generally more stable. According to Rosenthal and Burchum (2021), type 1is treated by insulin replacement and diet control, type 2 is treated by oral antidiabetic or noninsulin injectable, reduced-calorie diet, and exercise.
Gestational diabetes is when a woman who is pregnant develops diabetes during pregnancy. Rosenthal and Burchum (2021) explained that three factors contribute to this type of diabetes the placenta produces hormones that antagonize insulin actions, cortisol production increases during pregnancy, and hyperglycemia from the mother will cause excessive secretion of insulin in the fetus. The concern is for both the mother and the fetus. Rosenthal and Burchum (2021) explained that to manage this, both the mother and fetus glucose levels must be maintained this is done by monitoring and controlled diet.

Drug to Treat Gestational Diabetes

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019) explained that to treat gestational diabetes, the mother should check blood sugar, eat healthy foods, be active, and monitor the baby’s growth. If these initial measures aren’t enough to manage diabetes, other measures can be taken. Rosenthal and Burchum (2021) explained that the oral agent that is safe during pregnancy to treat diabetes is Glucophage (metformin) it helps to keep weight gain down and blood pressure down. Corcoran and Jacobs (2020) explain that Glucophage (metformin) decreases blood glucose during pregnancy. According to Corcoran and Jacobs (2020), Glucophage (metformin) takes about 3 hours to start working it’s usually dosed from 500-2550 mg per day to be taken at the same time a meal to decrease GI upset. Glucophage (metformin) comes in extended-release tablets usually taken with a full glass of water and an evening meal (Corcoran and Jacobs, 2020).

Short-Term and Long-Term Impact of Gestational Diabetes on Patients

According to Rosenthal and Burchum (2021), gestational diabetes rapidly subsides after delivery of the baby if diabetes continues, it is no longer considered gestational and should be rediagnosed. There can be some adverse effects to the medication Glucophage (metformin). Corcoran and Jacobs (2020) explain that although Glucophage (metformin) is generally safe, some side effects could include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, less frequent chest pain, headache, and diaphoresis. According to Corcoran and Jacobs (2020), a rare but serious possible adverse effect is lactic acidosis; therefore, it should also be avoided in patients who are hepatically impaired.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Gestational diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/gestational.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Diabetes symptoms. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/symptoms.html
Corcoran, C., & Jacobs, T. (2020). Metformin. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518983/
Rosenthal, L., & Burchum, J. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.). Elsevier.