Individual Success Plan (ISP)

Individual Success Plan (ISP)

1) Complete the template

2 )  It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign

Assignment

Planning is the key to successful completion of this course and program-related objectives. The Individual Success Plan (ISP) assignment requires early collaboration with the course faculty and your course preceptor. Students must establish a plan for successful completion of

  1. The required 50 community direct clinical practice experience hours, 50 leadership direct clinical practice hours, and 25 indirect clinical experience hours.
  2. Completion of work associated with program competencies.
  3. Work associated with completion of the student’s capstone project change proposal.

Students will use the “Individual Success Plan” to develop an individual plan for completing practice hours and course objectives. As a part of this process, students will identify the number of hours set aside to meet course goals.

Student expectations and instructions for completing the ISP document are provided in the “NRS-493 Individual Success Plan” resource, located in the Study Materials and in the assignment instructions.

Students should apply concepts from prior courses to critically examine and improve their current practice. Students are expected to integrate scholarly readings to develop case reports that demonstrate increasingly complex and proficient practice.

NRS-493 Individual Success Plan

REQUIRED PRACTICE HOURS: 100 Direct Clinical Experience (50 hours community/50 hours leadership) – 25 Indirect Clinical Experience Hours.

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Complete Contact Information
Student Information GCU
Name:  
E-mail:    
Phone Number:    
Course Faculty Information GCU
Name:  
E-mail:    
Phone Number:    
Practicum Preceptor Information Practice Setting
Name:  
E-mail:    
Phone Number:    

 

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ISP Instructions

Use this form to develop your Individual Success Plan (ISP) for NRS-493, the Professional Capstone and Practicum course. An individual success plan maps out what you, the RN-to-BSN student, needs to accomplish in order to be successful as you work through this course and complete your overall program of study. You will also share this with your preceptor at the beginning and end of this course so that he or she will know what you need to accomplish.

In this ISP, you will identify all of the objectives and assignments relating to the 100 direct clinical practice experience hours and the 25 indirect clinical practice hours you need to complete by the end of this course. Use this template to specify the date by which you will complete each assignment. Your plan should include a self-assessment of how you met all applicable GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies (see Appendix A).

General Requirements

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of each assignment as it pertains to deliverables due in this course:

  • Use the Individual Success Plan to develop a personal plan for completing your clinical practice experience hours and self-assess how you will meet the GCU RN-to-BSN University Mission Critical Competencies and the Programmatic Domains & Competencies (Appendix A) related to that course.

Show all of the major deliverables in the course, the topic/course objectives that apply to each deliverable, and lastly, align each deliverable to the applicable University Mission Critical Competencies and the course-specific Domains and Competencies (see Appendix A).

Completing your ISP does not earn clinical practice experience hours, nor does telephone conference time, or time spent with your preceptor.

  • Within the Individual Success Plan, ensure you identify all graded course assignments and indirect clinical assignments listed in the table on the next page.

 

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Topic Graded Assignment Indirect Clinical Assignments
Topic 1 1.      Individual Success Plan

2.      Reflection Journal Entry

1.      List of potential topics for the change proposal
Topic 2 1.      Topic Selection Approval Paper

2.      Reflection Journal Entry

1.      Search the literature for supporting journal articles

2.      Summary of topic category; community or leadership

Topic 3 1.      PICOT Question Paper

2.      Reflection Journal Entry

1.      List of objectives
Topic 4 1.      Literature Evaluation Table

2.      Reflection Journal Entry

1.      List of measurable outcomes
Topic 5 1.      Reflection Journal Entry 1.      Summary of the strategic plan

2.      Midterm Evaluation Tool

Topic 6 1.      Literature Review Table

2.      Reflection Journal Entry

1.      List of resources
Topic 7 1.      Reflection Journal Entry 1.      Summary of the evaluation plan

2.      Remediation-if required

Topic 8 1.      Benchmark Written Capstone Project Change Proposal

2.      Reflection Journal Entry

 
Topic 9 1.      Reflection Journal Entry 1.      Professional Presentation
Topic 10 1.      Finalized ISP

2.      Scholarly Activity Summary

3.      Benchmark-Reflection Journal Summary

1.      Summary of presentation

2.      Final Clinical Evaluation Tool

3.      Practice Clinical Evaluation Tool-Agency

4.      Practice Clinical Evaluation Tool-Preceptor

 

 

Application-based Learning Course Assignments List of Current Course Objectives Assignment

Date Due

Self-Assessment:

Programmatic Domains & Competencies

(see Appendix A)

Self-Assessment:

GCU RN-to-BSN

University Mission Critical Competencies

 (see Appendix A)

Date

Assignment

Completed

           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           

By typing in his/her signature below, the student agrees to have read, understood, and be accountable for the instructions, assignments, and hours shown above and that all questions have been satisfactorily answered by the faculty.

Preceptors will sign upon initial receipt and at the end of the course to confirm that assignments have been complete with your guidance.

 

Student Signature
Name:  
Date:  
Preceptor Signature [Upon Initiation of Course]
Name:  
Date:  
Preceptor Signature [Upon Completion of Course]
Name:  
Date:  

 

APPENDIX A:

GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies

  1. University’s Mission Critical Competencies

How does this Individual Success Plan support the GCU Mission?

MC1: Effective Communication: Therapeutic communication is central to baccalaureate nursing practice. Students gain an understanding of their ethical responsibility and how verbal and written communication affects others intellectually and emotionally. Students begin to use nursing terminology and taxonomies within the practice of professional and therapeutic communication. Courses require students to write scholarly papers, prepare presentations, develop persuasive arguments, and engage in discussion that is clear, assertive, and respectful.

MC2: Critical Thinking: Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice.

MC3: Christian Worldview: Students will apply a Christian worldview within a global society and examine ethical issues from the framework of a clearly articulated system of professional values. Students will engage in discussion of values-based decisions made from a Christian perspective.

MC4: Global Awareness, Perspectives, and Ethics: The concept of global citizenship is introduced to baccalaureate students in the foundational curriculum. Some courses will focus on the human experience across the world health continuum. The World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of health, health disparities, and determinants of health are foundational to nursing practice.

MC5: Leadership: Students are required to develop skills and knowledge associated with their professional role. Courses require students to develop self-leadership skills such as time management, setting priorities, self-control, and evaluation of their abilities and performance.

 

  1. Domains and Competencies

How does this Individual Success Plan support the Program Domains and Competencies?

Domain 1: Professional Role

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to incorporate professional values to advance the nursing profession through leadership skills, political involvement, and life-long learning.

Competencies:

1.1:      Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.

1.2:      Manage patient care within the changing environment of the health care system.

1.3:      Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.

1.4:      Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

1.5:      Advocate for autonomy and social justice for individuals and diverse populations.

 

Domain 2: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will have acquired a body of nursing knowledge built on a theoretical foundation of liberal arts, science, and nursing concepts that will guide professional practice.

Competencies:

2.1:      Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge.

2.2:      Comprehend nursing concepts and health theories.

2.3:      Understand and value the processes of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and decision making.

Domain 3: Nursing Practice

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to utilize the nursing process to provide safe quality care based on nursing best practices.

Competencies:

3.1:      Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the lifespan

3.2:      Implement patient care decisions based on evidence-based practice.

3.3:      Provide individualized education to diverse patient populations in a variety of health care settings.

3.4:      Demonstrate professional standards of practice.

Domain 4: Communication/Informatics

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to manage information and technology to provide safe quality care in a variety of settings. In addition, graduates will be able to communicate therapeutically and professionally to produce positive working relationships with patients and health care team members.

Competencies:

4.1:      Utilize patient care technology and information management systems.

4.2:      Communicate therapeutically with patients.

4.3:      Promote interprofessional collaborative communication with health care teams to provide safe and effective care.

Domain 5: Holistic Patient Care

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to provide holistic individualized care that is sensitive to cultural and spiritual aspects of the human experience.

Competencies:

5.1:      Understand the human experience across the health-illness continuum.

5.2:      Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

5.3:      Provide culturally sensitive care.

5.4:      Preserve the integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients.

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Discussion 2 CC2

Discussion 2 CC2

Please access the following Simulation http://playspent.org/

Discuss how the following factors relate to the reality of poverty in America. Please, write a two to three paragraph discussion, citing your sources, and respond to at least one of your classmates with a meaningful response. 1. Subjugation 2. Disadvantaged Areas 3. Work- and Employment-Related Hardships 4. Lack of Adequate Health and Wellbeing 5. Resources 6. Stigma & Shame 7. Social Isolation 8. Unrecognized Voice & Participation 9. The Struggle

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Vulnerable Populations Assessment Assignment

Vulnerable Populations Assessment Assignment

Due: Sunday night by 11:59 p.m. Pacific Time. Select the “Submit” button to submit your assignment. If you have questions about the assignment, post your question in the Course Café or contact your Instructor.

Assignment Overview

Select a vulnerable population in your community (helpful hint: search within your zip code). To do this, conduct a windshield survey in your community. A windshield survey is completed by observing a population by looking out of a window of your car (or a bus or riding your bike) to identify a vulnerable population in your community. Conduct research on your chosen population via the Internet and by calling or visiting your local health department. Develop a maximum of 10 slides using PowerPoint to communicate your observations and research. An example listing of vulnerable populations has been included for your consideration.

Assignment Details:

Perform the following tasks:

  • Complete the reading assignment before attempting this assignment
  • Attend the instructor session to prepare for this assignment.
  • Complete the Windshield survey.
  • From the vulnerable population observed, research the population.
    • Identify the vulnerable population in detail.
    • Identify health risks and needs of the vulnerable population.
    • Identify resources that are available and those needed but not available.
    • Describe service gaps/interventions that could be used (primary, secondary, tertiary) that could fill gaps in resources.
    • Summarize your findings for each of the different categories.
  • Prepare a PowerPoint presentation (maximum of 10 slides) to communicate your observations and research.
  • Include the proper file naming convention: RN206_wk9_assn_jsmith_mmddyyyy
  • Vulnerable Populations to consider from the textbook:
Poor and homeless persons

Pregnant adolescents

Migrant workers and immigrants

Severely mentally ill individuals

Substance abusers

Abused individuals and victims of violence

Persons with communicable disease

People at risk of disease transmission

Persons who are HIV positive

Persons with Hepatitis B virus

Populations at risk of a sexually transmitted disease

Other suggestions:

Elderly

Children

Battered/abused women

Women with high risk pregnancies

Women with no risk to prenatal care

Recovering substance abuse

Substance abuse

 

 

Community Research PowerPoint

  • Prepare a power point presentation (10 slide max) that identifies each of the following.
  • Include and introduction, citation and reference slide.

 

  • Population; Describe in detail:
    1. Demographics
    2. Religion
    3. Ethnicity
    4. Culture
    5. Employment
    6. Socioeconomic status
    7. Health/Lifestyle Behavior

 

  • Health Risks; Identify and explain:
    1. Health promotion
    2. Health risks

 

  • Resources; Identify and describe the following availability in the community
    1. Resources to meet population need
    2. Programs to meet population need
    3. Services to meet population need
  • Service Gaps/Interventions.
    • Identify services that are notcurrently available but would be valuable and improve outcomes for the vulnerable population. List as:
      1. Primary interventions
      2. Secondary interventions
      3. Tertiary interventions
  • Summary; Summarize research plans to address:
    • Health promotion
    • Health risks

Please Look At The Helpful Reference List Below For Your Project:

*Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). National center for health statistics. (Links to an external site.)
*City Data (Links to an external site.). (2021)
*Unites States Census Bureau (Links to an external site.). (2021).
*United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2021).Healthy people 2030 (Links to an external site.).
*USA.gov.(2020). Data and statistics about the U.S. (Links to an external site.)
*U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (Links to an external site.). (2021).

Rubric

Week 9 Assignment

Week 9 Assignment
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLearning Outcome: Populations Describe in detail.

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome: Populations
Describe in detail. Include all of the following criteria: demographics, religion, ethnicity, culture, employment, socioeconomic status and health/lifestyle behaviors

10 pts

10 to >7.0 pts Exceeds Expectations 85% – 100%

• Describe population in detail, uses all criteria and/or includes additional data.

7 pts

7.0 to >4.0 pts Meets Expectations 70% – 84%

• Describe population including 75% of criteria.

4 pts

4.0 to >0 pts Needs Work <70%

• Describe population superficially, uses less than 50% of criteria.

10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLearning Outcome: Health Risks

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome: Health Risks
Identify and explain health promotion, health risks, and health needs specific to each group. Include what resources they require to ensure health.

10 pts

10 to >7.0 pts Exceeds Expectations 85% – 100%

• Include health promotion needs, health risks, and actual health issues for population.

7 pts

7.0 to >4.0 pts Meets Expectations 70% – 84%

Include actual health issues and risks, does not address health promotion needs.

4 pts

4.0 to >0 pts Needs Work <70%

Include actual health issues, does not address health risks or health promotion needs.

10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLearning Outcome: Resources

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome: Resources
Identify and describe the resources, programs, services that are currently available in the community to meet the health needs.

10 pts

10 to >7.0 pts Exceeds Expectations 85% – 100%

• Identify 8-10 resources • All descriptions of resources are detailed and accurate

7 pts

7.0 to >4.0 pts Meets Expectations 70% – 84%

• Identify 5-7 resources • Most of the descriptions of resources are detailed and accurate

4 pts

4.0 to >0 pts Needs Work <70%

• Identify less than 5 resources. • Few of the descriptions of resources are detailed and accurate

10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLearning Outcome: Service Gaps/Interventions

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome: Service Gaps/Interventions
Identify services that are not currently available but would be valuable. Select primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions that could improve health outcomes for each group.

10 pts

10 to >7.0 pts Exceeds Expectations 85% – 100%

• Identify 5 or more services that would be helpful • Include interventions from all 3 levels of prevention.

7 pts

7.0 to >4.0 pts Meets Expectations 70% – 84%

• Identify 3-4 services that would be helpful • Include interventions from 2 levels of prevention.

4 pts

4.0 to >0 pts Needs Work <70%

• Identify 1-2 services that would be helpful • Include interventions from 1 level of prevention.

10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLearning Outcome: Summary

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome: Summary
Summarize research and plans to address health promotion, health risks, and actual health issues.

10 pts

10 to >7.0 pts Exceeds Expectations 85% – 100%

• Comparison of the vulnerable population is thorough and in depth. • Include all criteria listed above.

7 pts

7.0 to >4.0 pts Meets Expectations 70% – 84%

• Description of the vulnerable population is superficial • Include 75% of criteria listed above.

4 pts

4 to >0 pts Needs Work <70%

• Description of the population is minimal or absent. • Include less than 75% of criteria listed above.

10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeThis criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome: Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome: Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation

10 pts

10 to >8.5 pts Exceeds Expectations 85% – 100%

• 1 or 2 grammar, spelling, punctuation errors, and/or typographical errors. • All references and citations in proper APA format.

7 pts

7.0 to >4.0 pts Meets Expectations 70% – 84%

7.0 to >4.0 pts Meets Expectations 70% – 84% • Minimal errors. • Few typographical errors • 75% or more of references and citations in proper APA format.

4 pts

4 to >0 pts Needs Work <70%

• Multiple errors • Many typographical errors. • Less than 50% of references and citations in proper APA format.

0 pts

No Marks

10 pts
Total Points: 60

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Milestone 2

Milestone 2

Instructions

The second milestone for the final project includes three tasks:

  1. The Future of CP
    Explain your vision for the future of CP. Include specific examples to illustrate key points.
  2. Key Concepts
    Identify and analyze at least five key concepts in CP. Reference course resources, articles, and professional experience as appropriate.
  3. Stakeholder Perceptions
    Answer the following questions:

    1. Are the concepts identified readily agreed upon or contentious?
    2. How are the concepts understood by different stakeholder groups (police, educators, business owners, taxpayers, and so on) in the community? Provide specific examples to support your position.

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A youth advocate acts in the best interest of the youths he or she is working with.  The advocate must retrieve, identify, and use the information and expand resources that are available for youths to encourage promote access and explore ideas (MacRae, C. (2002). The main goal is to ensure that youth human rights are maintained. While also helping in skills development in many aspects of life, such as health, education, relationship, employment, and housing.  I will aim at preventing youths from experiencing low self-esteem when interacting with people who are authoritative in their life’s such as teachers, lawyers, and judges. I must support youths in legal and social processes, mostly foster and homeless youths who lack family support. Also, I will help youths to maintain their feelings and perspective concerning systems or services.  When youths go through systems or services such as juvenile justice, mental health, homeless or foster can mostly feel dehumanized. They can feel ignored, or they become traumatized. As youth advocates, I have to transform their lives when facing such situations and lead them into success and a stable path.

While as a counselor, I will work to meet the emotional and physical needs of youngsters. Acting as a role model, building trust, and providing a supportive relationship with the youths makes one persuasive. Aim to help youngsters to solve problems and create a healthy choice. To counsel them and guide them in a positive direction for their future. During a crisis, intervention is essential to prepare for rehabilitation after substance abuse issues or criminal issues. The creation of a relationship that builds trust helps in the development of a structured environment for youths

Community psychology is a branch of physiology that aims at understanding complex individual-environments interactions to bring social change, mostly to those who have limited opportunities and resources. Community psychological aspects have emerged in different countries. For instance, in the United States, it started in the 1960s at a time of social change when the country was involved in the war in Vietnam and civil rights movements. Many psychologies desired to be involved in these kinds of social issues. They extended their services to under-represented people and aim at prevention instead of treating psychological problems at the same time include members of the community in the change process. For the past few decades, community physiology has managed to create themes of social justice, prevention, and an ecological understanding of individuals within their environments. Community psychology, a distinct feature of being a value-driven science, aims at balancing objectivity. It is guided by a principle such as encouraging collaboration, respecting diversity, empowering communities, creating community sense, and advocating for policy change.

The community psychology field aims at preventing instead of just treating psychological and social issues (Jason,2019). The first and second-order change can bring change. First-order change helps in eliminating problems and deficits from an individualistic perspective, concentrating on people. In comparison, second-order change stresses understanding the cause of the problem and system change. Also, community phycology focuses on social justice because it is acknowledged that most social issues are brought by the unequal allocation of resources in society. Economic and social inequalities lead to mental illness, crime, unemployment, underemployment crime, and mental illness (Jason,2019). Social injustice is endorsed by community psychology through addressing or challenging unjust practices. For instance, there is a need for social justice orientation when working in urban schools dealing with overcrowded classes, lack of resources, gang activity in the community, or violence. Strategies in second-order change can be used in addressing the structures and systems causing the problem.

The criminal justice system can be perceived by social justice. Thus, imprisoning people with mental illnesses and substance disorders. Solution crime can be drug treatment provision and mental health care. To add, community psychology also consists of an ecological perspective. Different analyses can be used simultaneously in explaining human feelings, behaviors, and thoughts. These include social level (family upbringing), personal level (personality traits), a community like cultural norms, and societal level like public policies.  Community psychologists need to realize that communities, society, and individuals are interconnected when using ecological perspectives. This aspect should consider when understanding and solving problems.  Interdependence in the ecological principle indicates that there is mutual dependence among things, and everything is connected. For instance, if a person with substance disorder comes into an environment that consists of illegal activities and use of substances, there is a high chance of relapse, and they may return to prison. However, if they are provided with a safe place with employed people, this setting can bring positive impacts influencing an individual to look for a job and refrain from drug use. According to Stokols (2018), our understanding of social problems broadens the ecological model used in people- environment connections.

Community physiology started as a national movement focused at a more cost-effective and efficiency (Jason,2019). Community psychology was created in 1965 by the inaugural conference Swampscott, Massachusetts. However, its development influence by sociopolitical climates in the USA. The context of the field was defined by civil rights, anti-poverty, feminism, peace activist, and environmental awareness. It aimed at focusing on social problems such as racism and poverty that increases the risk of distress and disease rather than treating people when the problems have emerged. However, the conditions that gave rise to community psychology are still there. However, through research and community psychology principles, these issues are being contained.

Community psychology focuses on social justice because it is acknowledged that most social problems are brought by the unequal allocation of resources in society. Economic and social inequalities lead to mental illness, crime, unemployment, substance use, teenager’s pregnancy, crime, and mental illness among the youths. As the youth counselor and advocator, I have to address the issues while focusing on the source of social injustice. The study of community psychology will aid in understanding and addressing these issues through; focusing on the functioning and health of the youths. I will participate in research to establish and implement programs that help the youth. Creation and instituting after school program educating youths on the dangers of substance use and the impacts of mental health and prevention are essential. Also, programs can create to boost social skills in rehabilitation centers and homeless shelters to create job duties. After creating the program, as an advocate and a counselor, it is the role to evaluate the efficiency of the programs and interventions provided to youths.

In addition, Advocators can demand policy change or policy development. The role of youth advocates is to work with government agencies to establish health-promotion programs in the community.  Advocates help youths at risk, youths who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, and incarcerated youths’ adults. Youth advocates and councilors should take part in research and analysis to understand the problems facing the youths and come up with the best methods that can be used in addressing the issue. Research and analysis need community physiology because qualitative and quantitative methods are used. Also, mixed research can be used because it helps understand the context and the complexity of social problems. Besides, action-oriented research can be used because it involves a wide range of evaluation methods that can be connected when doing research and taking actions.

Moreover, Community psychology has helped realize that it is important to take action and get the problem under control from the source. The counseling will broaden from an individual level to a community level.  Therefore, these problems, such as substance use, teenage pregnancies, and mental illness, will reduce. Identification of the cause of the issues helps in the title of a suitable solution. Furthermore, the knowledge gained from community psychology allows one to create a relationship with organizations and community leaders. We can work collaboratively on addressing issues faced by youths in the community. For example, to address youth homelessness, one has to bring together representatives from law enforcement agencies and local churches to develop a clear plan to address the problem. Advocators must establish the central goal of giving shelter to the homeless youths and organize stakeholders so that the goal can succeed.

In conclusion, community psychology aims at preventing instead of just treating psychological and social issues. The knowledge obtained from community psychology helps youth advocators and counselors to retrieve, identify, and use the information. Thus, expand resources that are available for youths to encourage promote access and explore ideas. Also, it helps in addressing issues faced by youths in the society.

References

Jason, L. A., Glantsman, O., O’Brien, J. F., &Ramian, K. N. (2019). Introduction to the field of    Community Psychology. Introduction to Community Psychology. Retrieved from:            https://press.rebus.community/introductiontocommunitypsychology/chapter/intro-to         community-psychology//

Jason, L. A., Glantsman, O., O’Brien, J. F., &Ramian, K. N. (2019). Introduction to Community  Psychology: Becoming an Agent of Change.          Retrieved from:           https://via.library.depaul.edu/cshtextbooks/1//

MacRae, C. (2002). A quarter-century of VOYA: visible acts of youth advocacy. Voice of Youth             Advocates, 25(1), 5 Retrieved from:  https://mixituplis.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/what    is-youth-advocacy//

Stokols, D. (2018). Social ecology in the digital age: Solving complex problems in a globalized   world. Academic Pre Retrieved from:            https://www.academia.edu/35386543/Social_Ecology_in_the_Digital_Age_Solving_C            mplex_Problems_in_a_Globalized_Worlds./

 

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Public Administration – Managing Competing Agendas

Public Administration – Managing Competing Agendas

Assignment 2: Managing Competing Agendas

Assignment 1 attached for reference

In this assignment, you will explore how the organization and political environment of an agency or departments can impact Mandatory Minimum Prison Sentencing in the U.S.

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you respond to the following questions:

  1. Examine the organization of the agency in which mandatory minimum sentencing resides – Department of Justice. Describe the structure and departments within the agency and the manner in which the departments interact with each other.
  2. Given the description you provided in Question 1, describe the primary ways the human resource management part of the organizational structure positively or negatively impacts mandatory minimum sentencing laws in the U.S.
  3. Given the description you provided in Question 1, describe the primary ways the budgeting part of the organizational structure positively or negatively impacts mandatory minimum sentencing laws in the U.S.
  4. Given the description you provided in Question 1, analyze the political environment and explain (2) challenges that political responsiveness may present for management.
  5. Include at least four (4) peer-reviewed references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental Websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other Websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Assemble the concepts of planning, re-engineering, implementation, and program evaluation essential to the study of public administration as it relates to political choice.
  • Organize the concepts of public budgeting and policy formation essential to the study of public administration as it relates to political choice.
  • Reconstruct historical trends related to public administration and its influence on managing public and nonprofit organizations.
  • Organize the concepts of planning and human resource management essential to the study of public administration as it relates to political choice.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in public administration.
  • Write clearly and concisely about public administration using proper writing mechanics.

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United States Public Administration: Different styles of leadership

United States Public Administration: Different styles of leadership

Question #2. Compare and contrast different styles of leadership. Propose scenarios where each style might be most appropriate.

 

  1. What is leadership? 

 

  1. What are the different leadership styles? (T.T.M) 

 

  1. Compare and Contrast: Transformational, Transactional and Moral

Leadership

 

  1. Is there a bad leadership style?

 

2 pages single space

Question #2. Compare and contrast different styles of leadership. Propose scenarios where each style might be most appropriate.

 

  1. What is leadership? 

 

  1. What are the different leadership styles? (T.T.M) 

 

  1. Compare and Contrast: Transformational, Transactional and Moral

Leadership

 

  1. Is there a bad leadership style?

 

What is leadership? Leadership occurs when one or more members of a group or organization motivate others to more clearly recognize their previously latent needs, desires, and potentialities and to work together toward their fulfillment..

 

Leadership occurs when one or more members of a group or organization motivate others to more clearly recognize their previously latent needs, desires, and potentialities and to work together toward their fulfillment. Leadership is not just a position or occupation to stand in; it is a complex process which involves the leaders, the subordinate and the situation. In order to evaluate a successful leader, the personality and expertise are not the only ones to take into consideration. The follower’s values and team cohesiveness are as important as the situation itself, for instance what the actual task of the group is and where the group is located. In the past managers and leaders were chosen to lead the other people in the organization solely by their technical professionalism and expertise in the field. Today, more and more emphasis is given to the overall interpersonal abilities and skills when choosing a manager. It is said that not only supreme technical know-how makes a successful leader. Leadership focuses on managing in a changing environment, where the economical, political and environmental factors are part of the decision-making process. Leaders have the ability to transform and act rapidly, without forgetting the ethical issues in mgmt.

 

Fluff:

  • Leadership is not just a position or occupation to stand in; it is a complex process which involves the leaders, the subordinate and the situation.
  • In order to evaluate a successful leader, the personality and expertise are not the only ones to take into consideration. The follower’s values and team cohesiveness are as important as the situation itself, for instance what the actual task of the group is and where the group is located.
  • In the past managers and leaders were chosen to lead the other people in the organization solely by their technical professionalism and expertise in the field. Today, more and more emphasis is given to the overall interpersonal abilities and skills when choosing a manager. It is said that not only supreme technical know-how makes a successful leader.
  • Leadership focuses on managing in a changing environment, where the economical, political and environmental factors are part of the decision-making process. Leaders have the ability to transform and act rapidly, without forgetting the ethical issues in mgmt.

 

What are the different leadership styles?

Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Managers can use different motivational strategies and techniques to improve employee performance or accomplish internal change.

Different styles of leadership include: Coach-style leadership, autocratic leadership,

democratic leadership, strategic, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, servant leadership,  and visionary leadership. Transactional and Transformational are the two most common leadership styles.

 

(T.T.M)

 

Transformational “Adaptive” Transactional “Task Oriented” Moral “Duty Approach”
Define: Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self interests & are capable of having a profound impact on followers.

 

Emphasis: Org & Community Vision

 

Concerns: Strengthening social equity. Making wholesome change.

Define: Transaction btwn leader and subordinate.

 

Emphasis: Improve productivity, clarify task and initiate structure.

 

Concerns: Planning and execution

Define: Choosing the moral and most ethical decision to solve an issue.

 

Emphasis: Ethical compliance with organizational and legal mandates

 

Concerns: Meeting organizational and social standards

Characteristics: (I.I.A)

●        Inspirational

●        Innovative

●        Adaptable

 

Characteristics: (D.T.P)

●        Directive

●        Task Oriented

●        Practical

Characteristics: (L.E.D)

●        Lead by example

●        Ethical

●        Duty Oriented

Example: Ghandi

Encouraged & created change in their country.

Example: Bill Gates

Micro Manager

Military

Example: Sandra Day O’ Conner

Being the swing vote on the supreme court, her vote held a lot of power. Despite that she had to abide by the constitution.

 

Scenario:

A company needing change from old processes.

Scenario:

New leaders to a corrupt & under performing organization. A very hands on leader that provides structure to each dept assigned.

 

Scenario:

Working at the VA office you are bound by organizational compliance.

 

 

  • Transformational Leadership:“Adaptive leadership”

Define: Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self interest and who are capable of having a profound effect on followers.

Emphasis– Shared organizational or community vision

Concerns– making wholesome change. Strengthen social equity

  • Example: Gandhi, encouraged the people of India to believe in themselves in order to cause the great change in their country. He was open to new ideas and opinions from his followers. Led by example.

Scenario:

  • You are the newly appointed director of an organization. You need to come in and make changes to modernize the processes and improve access and the implementation of public services. You sense that there is a certain level of resistance to change, particularly among the longest employed. You will need to employ a transformational style of leadership in order to gain the trust of your employees. This will involve inspiring them by describing your vision and inviting them to be a part of that change with you. Incorporating the feedback of employees as much as possible is necessary for them to feel a sense of ownership in the new vision for the organization.

 

  • Transactional Leadership:

Define: Focuses on the transactions between the leaders and its subordinates

Emphasis: Improve productivity, clarify tasks, and initiate structure

Concerns: Planning and execution

Example: Bill Gates

  • Scenario: You are the new CEO of a federal agency long plagued by corruption and under-performance. As the new leader, you have to be very involved with the processes at every level. You take time to visit with each department, assisting them to review their policy and output goals, making suggestions as needed until you are satisfied with their new plans. When faced with resistance or divergent opinions, you take steps to realign employees to your vision.

 

  • Moral Management:“Duty Approach”

Define: Choosing the moral and most ethical decisions to solve an issue.

Emphasis: Ethical compliance with organizational or legal mandates

  • Laws
  • Codes
  • Policies

Concerns: for organizational and social standards

Example: Nelson Mandela

  • Scenario: You are the program manager for the local VA branch. You are there to help people to the best of your abilities, but must apply the policies equally in order to ensure fairness. You must know and understand all organizational policies and guide your constituents through the process. At times, veterans will come in and be missing certain paperwork or have filled something out incorrectly. Although you are understanding, your adherence to the established policies is crucial for ethical decision making and therefore must ask them to return with the required information.

 

Compare and Contrast: Transformational, Transactional and Moral leadership

General similarities in every leadership style, as  you need  to motivate your employees and set goals. Leadership style is contingent.

 

Transformational Leadership

Transformational leadership, on the other hand, occurs when leaders and followers engage with one another in such a way that they raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation.

The transformational leader, rather than focusing on how the current needs of subordinates might be met, concentrates on arousing or altering their needs. Such a transformation can be achieved in one or more of three ways:

(1) by raising our level of awareness, our level of consciousness about the importance and value of designated outcomes, and ways of reaching them; (2) by getting us to transcend our own self-interest for the sake of the team, organization, or larger polity; [and] (3) by altering our need levels . . . or expanding our portfolio of needs or wants. (Bass, 1985, p. 20)

Transformational leadership is concerned with improving the performance of followers and developing followers to their fullest potential (Avolio, 1999; Bass & Avolio, 1990a). People who exhibit transformational leadership often have a strong set of internal values and ideals, and they are effective at motivating followers to act in ways that support the greater good rather than their own self-interests (Kuhnert, 1994). Individuals’ intentions to lead in a transformational manner appear related to effective transformational leadership behaviors (Gilbert, Horsman, & Kelloway, 2016).

  1. Roots in studies of political and governmental leadership
  2. Leadership is an aspect of power, but a separate process (Burns).
    1. Serves both the leader’s interests and those of the followers.
    2. Values, motivations, and interests of both leaders and followers must be represented.
    3. Two types of leadership

Transactional Leadership

Transactional leadership refers to the bulk of leadership models, which focus on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers. Politicians who win votes by promising “no new taxes” are demonstrating transactional leadership. Similarly, managers who offer promotions to employees who surpass their goals are exhibiting transactional leadership.

While exchanges or transactions between leader and member are a natural component of employment contracts, research suggests that employees do not necessarily perceive transactional leaders as those most capable of creating trusting, mutually beneficial leader–member relationships (Notgrass, 2014).

The first is transactional leadership, which involves an exchange of valued things (e.g., economic, political, psychological) between initiators and respondents. For example, a political leader might agree to support a particular policy in exchange for votes in the next election, or a student might write a superb paper in exchange for an A grade. In the case of transactional leadership, the two parties come together in a relationship that advances the interests of both, but there is no deep or enduring link between them. In fact, transactional leadership more often involves using self-interest to achieve larger goals

 

**transactional leadership, which involves an exchange of valued things (e.g., economic, political, psychological) between initiators and respondents. For example, a political leader might agree to support a particular policy in exchange for votes in the next election, or a student might write a superb paper in exchange for an A grade. In the case of transactional leadership, the two parties come together in a relationship that advances the interests of both, but there is no deep or enduring link between them. Transformational leadership, on the other hand, occurs when leaders and followers engage with one another in such a way that they raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation. Although the leaders and followers initially might come together out of the pursuit of their own interests or because the leader recognized some special potential in the followers, as the relationship evolves, their interests become fused into mutual support for common Purposes.

 

Transactional leadership – involves an exchange of valued things (e.g., economic, political, psychological) between initiators and respondents.

Transformational leadership – leaders and followers engage with one another in such a way that they raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation. In some cases, evolves into moral leadership that raises moral aspiration and conduct of the leader and followers.

 

 

Is there a bad leadership style?

Leadership is contingent. Applying the leadership style accordingly.

No leadership style is inherently wrong or bad, but they must be applied correctly depending on the situation. An effective leader will approach each situation individually and assess which leadership style will be more effective.

 

 

Leadership Style: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wqhv6wc8i-4&feature=youtu.be

 

Leadership in the Digital Age: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lT2n9k1TVbM

 

Path-Goal: employee satisfied if their work leads to that which is valued

Managing volunteers vs employees. Motivating factors for volunteers vs employees. Can’t push volunteers as hard. Can’t be frustrated with them. They are free, good for budget. Volunteers helping with a cause, public service.

 

 

Transactional leadership

  • Define – and exchange of valued things (economic, political) between initiators and respondents. Two parties come together in relationship that advances the interests of both, but there is not enduring link.
  • Style – monitor, plan operations, delegate, problem solve, develop staff, motivate. Depends on self-motivated people who work well in structure. Telling
  • Scenario – military and police organizations use this style. Tell employees what to do.  Thrive on following rules and doing things correctly. Employees do their job and are rewarded based on productivity.
  • Scenario – a political leader might agree to support a particular policy in exchange for votes in the next election
  • Scenario – a student might write a great paper in exchange for an A grade
  • Involves an exchange of valued things
  • Lack of deep and enduring link
  • Extrinsic motivations

 

Transformational leadership

  • Define – when leaders and followers engage with one another to raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation. May initially come together out of pursuit of own interest, or leader saw potential in follower, but relationship evolves, interests become common purpose, elevate the relationship. Both become mobilized, inspired, and uplifted. Leads to moral leadership.
  • Style – strategic planning, vision articulation, networking, managing organizational change, empower through delegation, manage innovation, develop staff, motivate, team build. Works to motivate and inspire workers; influence rather than direct.  Selling
  • Scenario – a new manager is hired. Instead of making several immediate changes, they gather data and input from employees before implementing new changes. The manager goes over these changes, and develops a strategic plan with portions that will be implemented over the next several months, and longer term, over the next few years.  The new manager inspired the employees with a shared vision and specific objectives to work toward.
  • Scenario –
  • Leader and follower raise one another to a higher level or morality and motivation
  • Mutual support for a common purpose
  • Intrinsic motivations
  • Strategies – idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration.

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chapter assignments 3003

chapter assignments 3003

PAD 3003 after reading the chapters and lectures do these assignments

Module 2 3 assignments due July 1

Assignment 1- discussion

Do you believe that government privatization of services has been a good thing or a bad thing? Why or why not? (50 word mini) list citation if applicable

Assignment 2-  Essay Assignment pl ace essay responses in a Word document only,

  1. After reading Chapter Three prepare a short 100 word essay that addresses the following:

Discuss the major efforts to reform the administrative machinery of the federal government from the Brownlow Committee to the National Performance Review. Has this been a success or incomplete success?

  1. After reading Chapter Four prepare a short 100 word essay that addresses the following:

It is said our system of government in the United States between the Federal government and State governments is a marriage relationship rather than a parent child relationship. Please elaborate. Your essay should include the role of the U.S. Constitution in framing our system of government.

Assigment 3- Research Article

Using the Richard H. Rush Library at FSW State College locate one scholarly article that recognizes and distinguishes ethical behavior in public administration.  This is the library link https://www.fsw.edu/library/

Page One Article Title: List the article publication information using APA style for reference list citations, “e.g. Smith, N (2005).  Information technology in the public sector. Technology and Public Administration Journal, 12(3), 125-136.”

Page Two Summary (must be at least 100 words): Summarize the article’s main theme and summarize its conclusion(s).

Page Three Evaluation (must be at least 100 words): Critique the article giving your opinion and citing other scholarly articles in support of your critique.

The research assignment is designed to introduce the student to peer reviewed academic research. Here the student searches databases, journals, articles that contribute to the field of knowledge based on the subject matter presented in this module, generally found in the reading assignment. The elements of public administration and public safety administration are constantly changing. It is important the student research sources within the last 5 years unless the source has not been updated by more current research and is still appropriate to the module’s subject matter.

 

Students are graded at three levels. 1. Locating a proper peer reviewed article. 2. Paraphrasing in 100 words the article’s main theme and its conclusion(s). 3. The ability to discuss one’s thoughts through critical thinking critiquing the article and using other scholarly sources to support such the critique.

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PAD 3003 Introduction to public administration

This is the book Shafritz, J. M., Russell, E. W., & Borick, C. P. (2013). Introducing Public Administration. (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. ISBN: 978-0-205-85589-6. ISBN: 978-0-205-85589-6

https://books.google.com/books?id=8fIvCgAAQBAJ&q=chaper+3#v=onepage&q&f=false

Module Two Chapters 3 & 4

Overview:

https://youtu.be/zQi07PtqzcM

Chapter Three Lecture Machinery of Government

This chapter will take a look at government in action as it relates to public-private-partnerships or “P3’s”. Across the nation, the public sector is partnering with the private sector to accomplish that which does not have the political support or the stomach. For example, our text explains that citizens could pay an extra $2.50 to utilize an expressway built in the median and avoid traffic congestion. This rise in “pay for use” partnerships with private business enterprises, some may argue, provides for a different kind of modern day feudalism, marked by class differentiation, where those who can pay for these services will benefit, not the general public.

The machinery of government is the bureaucracy, or division of labor and function, that forms to act and accomplish. Bureaucracy is a word that comes to us from the French language and contains in it the idea of a bureau, or “office” or “desk.” It had and has to do with compartmentalizing activities of the “court” a word representative of the executive functions, or actions, of a government. Whereas administration can be considered government in action; the machinery of government is the collective administrative system that moves together. The United States Constitution provides the checks and balances, the railroad tracks as it were, by which this “machine” may run it’s course.

The Chief Executive of the United States is bound by the constitutional powers invested in him. We spoke about the different views on this authority, from strict constitutionalist to stewardship, and now we understand that the government machinery in the executive office becomes tangible in the departments that report to him. Under article II of the US Constitution, the president is responsible for the enforcement of the laws of the nation. In order to accomplish his national charge, he employs individuals in his “cabinet,” which includes the heads of the 15 agencies. The idea that this country was founded upon the principles that power is made to check power. Even in the execution of the duties and responsibilities of the president, he is bound by constraints and opposing ambitions.

The United States Constitution established that the United States government derived its just power from the people. The people divested their divine authority to govern to the central government. Just as the people divest their authority in the national government, they likewise establish in the US Constitution sovereign states. James Madison, the fourth president of the United States and author of the US Constitution, wrote in Federalist 45 that “The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government, are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite. Soon after writing this, the 10th Amendment to the United States Constitution codified the American invention of federalism in the 10th Amendment: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”

This is very important because this form of government, via the establishment of two separate and sovereign forms of government simultaneously, that is both the state and the national government, is the critical identifying feature of “federalism.” This federal form of government was built on the idea that people would grow in their authority, next the states, finally, and perhaps not at all, the federal government. It builds upon the inverted pyramid that we talked about previously. Now, if you make the connection between the structure of the US Constitution having at its pinnacle “the people,” you can more clearly understand why there has been such an importance placed on education, in particular, a “liberal” education that was intended to help teach free men and women what is necessary to be free.

State governments are sovereign and have powers divested to them by the United States Constitution. Additionally, each state has its own constitution which has been adopted and which governs the activities and “government in action” in that state. Within each state, there are governments that derive their authority to “rule” or act on behalf of the state, and they consist of the county, municipal, township, school districts, and special independent and dependent taxing districts. The state, although chastised through appeals to home rule from local governments, have virtually unlimited authority in the state. Unlimited in the sense that they are not qualified or quantified in the US Constitution. States have, however, checked this power by establishing what is scope of their authority, which is their independent constitutions.

The argument for preemption, and primarily that it has been against preemption of local government control, does not have a basis in anything other than the local government political system. It most definitely does not have a basis in the United States constitution, except for if you were to make the extremely tenuous argument that states divest their authority to different local governments. Still, one might suggest that it is still perfectly legitimate for the state to pre-empt local government control as it pleases.

Professor Tanis Janes Salant classified county government into the following:

  • Commission Form
  • Commission Administrator with a Council Manager,
  • Chief Administrative Officer, or County Administrative Assistant,
  • Council-Executive

 

A System of Constant Reform

The Brownlow Commission, established in 1936 by President Roosevelt, resulted in enhanced control of bureaucracy

 

The first Hoover Commission under President Truman, who took office after President Roosevelt died, strengthened the executive office of the president and enhanced agency management. The Second Hoover Commission recommended that the federal government cabinet had grown too big, but it’s recommendations were shelved.

 

The Ash Council under Nixon led to the transformation of Bureau of the Budget into the Office of Management and Budget. The remaining restructuring recommendations were cut short due to the Watergate scandal.

 

Ronald Reagan’s President’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control, or the Grace Commission named after Chairman Peter Grace, led to a lot of written documents, but little actual change or reform.

 

Clinton appointed Al Gore to the National Performance Review. This led to deregulation of federal agencies and a more customer friendly approach to doing business with the people. It eliminated government positions and functions and reported savings in the hundreds of billions of dollars. After the Gore Report, and Al Gore’s unsuccessful run for president, the federal government began a trend toward privatization of government under Bush. Obama’s take on reinvention has been the growth and expansion of government.

 

Government administration has become, and will likely continue to become, decentralized in how it accomplishes its goals. Political analyst E.S. Savas explained four ways the decentralization of services can occur: first, through load shedding or government withdrawing from providing the services; second, alternative delivery systems where government’s role is limited to grants or vouchers; third, by imposing user fees; and fourth by restoring competition and minimizing government monopolies.

 

Privatization has led to the development of the “third sector” or the nonprofit sector. While business and government have their place in the first two spots, the nonprofit community has become the other national actor in accomplishing goals that are community-minded, but not necessarily government mandated. The Reagan and Clinton administration particularly encouraged the civic development, though not in the same ways, and President Bush expanded the nonprofit definition to include faith-based providers who might otherwise not be included in the traditional nonprofit model.

 

The concept is not what is within the realm of public administration, but how does the public administration manage so many different internal and external arms of the machine of government to accomplish its goals? Only the future will tell us.

 

Chapter Four Lecture  Intergovernmental Relations

 

Perhaps there is no better example of federalism in action than in the debate and legislation affecting the sale and use of marijuana. Hemp is the plant from which marijuana is derived and has been utilized from colonial era days in the manufacturing and production of rope and textiles. However, beginning in the early and mid 20th century, the recreational use of marijuana has become the topic of the national conversation. In 1906, the federal government began regulating marijuana under the Pure Food and Drug Act, which required labeling it when sold without a prescription. States, however, took the lead in criminalizing marijuana. Then the United States Congress passed the Uniform Narcotics Act under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a voluntary standards approach for states to follow in developing their own legislation.

 

From 1930 to 1962, Harry Anslinger, head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, which is now part of the DEA, crusaded for toughness against the use of marijuana. Then Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937, which didn’t criminalize it, it just heavily regulated its sale. States lined up in support and although it became even more popular to use marijuana during the rise of the “hippie” culture, Nixon didn’t change a hardline federal stance.

 

In 1973, Oregon became the first state to decriminalize marijuana and other states followed suite. In the 90’s California legalized the use of medicinal marijuana, even while the federal government didn’t move in step. Citing the interstate commerce clause in the US Constitution, that the federal government had the authority to regulate interstate commerce, the US Supreme Course supported the federal involvement over states in the 2005 case of Gonzales v. Raich.

 

In 2009, the US Attorney General Eric Holder stayed any further raids on medical manufacturing productions. And in Colorado you can now purchase up to an ounce of marijuana legally for recreational use despite federal government laws that do not allow this to happen. In Florida, where you need a supermajority of voters, which is 60 plus one, to make a change in the state constitution, voters turned down an initiative largely led by John Morgan of Morgan and Morgan, a legal firm Florida, to legalize the use of medical marijuana in 2014.

 

The United States Constitution, adopted in 1789, provided something more than a confederation, or a federal government that derived its authority from the states. The United States under the Articles of Confederation in 1781 had a confederate form of government. Additionally, there are unitary forms of government, which have a clear delineation in the responsibilities and roles of levels of government and an example is Great Britain. Federalism is a form of government that provides for sovereign authority of the states and different sovereign authority of the federal, central government. The problem with this is that the US Constitution is interpreted differently by different people. It is the purview of the judiciary to interpret the US Constitution; at one point this job was considered to be menial, as Justice John Jay resigned from his office to run for governor. However, Justice John Marshall cemented the authority of the court in the national power discussion.

 

Each state gets two senators to represent them, and there are 435 representatives who are proportionately divided among the states based on population every ten years after the US census. Senators are elected statewide, but US House members represent districts within the states. Every ten years, states have the responsibility to redraw the maps to reflect voting districts from which a house member will be elected based on population trends, density, and community cultures. Not only does the state legislature have the responsibility to draw districts for United States House members, but also for the state legislatures – both house and senate.

 

Just like we had different theories on the power of the presidency, from restricted to prerogative, to stewardship, we see different views on federalism from a systems perspective. Dual federalism, the first approach to dual sovereignty between states and the federal government, carved out respective authorities and each left the other alone. Cooperative federalism, became popular with FDR and the New Deal, reflected a federal government’s “pump priming” spending to create demand that stimulated economic activity, and rested in the economic theory of John Maynard Keynes who suggested that government can and should be involved with the “free market”. Creative federalism was Lyndon Johnson’s approach and it included the “War on Poverty”, “Head Start”, and the “Great Society” where the poor would become mainstream. His approach to federalism brought together levels of government in the discussion about governing, but also gave direct support to local governments, even bypassing states to do so. New federalism was brought about by Nixon and sought to return federal investment to the state level and be done by formula. The “New New Federalism” approach was adopted by Reagan and sought to strengthen the relationships between the federal government and the state governments. This gave rise to “block grants” that were blanketed to states and no longer categorically attached to policy priorities. This idea was centered on the idea that the federal government should be doing less and the states more.

 

Each of these views on federalism reflect the underlying question of what should we do with the money? The current view on federalism is Keynesian in that the federal government has become the primary actor in the economic development.

Money has been gathered by the federal government since Abraham Lincoln began taxing for the war effort in 1861; however the federal income tax was not firmly established until the passage of the 16th Amendment ratified on 1913. This provides a way for the federal government to directly tax citizens (which some have claimed is unconstitutional as it is not taxing states) to provide for the operation of the federal government. By virtue, therefore, of the federal government’s ability to raise far more than any individual state, it gave rise to the federal “mandate” where the federal government would attach policy implementation in order for a state to receive federal funding. Sometimes, when money isn’t released, it is called an “unfunded mandate”.

 

Power and money have always been tied together. Fiscal federalism says that the federal government, due to its centrality and size, has the best opportunity to deal with real problems, but that states have the best chance at being “on the ground” to implement them. This form of government management has given rise to category grants, which are “funded mandates” from the federal government to states and local government. This is perceived by some as a form of manipulation, putting states on a steady drip of federal government funding reduces the risk of states becoming “obstinate” as it were and opposing the federal government. Medicaid and healthcare are the largest federal category grants that are divested to the state to administer. But with a stifling national debt closing in on $20 trillion dollars, what happens when the federal “drip” of funding runs out? Having recently passed and implemented the Affordable Healthcare Act, this may be an even more fitting analogy.

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The Structure and Behavior of Public Organizations

The Structure and Behavior of Public Organizations

must be 300 words   with at least 1 scholarly citation in APA format.
Each reply must incorporate at least 1 scholarly citation in APA format.

Classical Organizational Theory deals with the “systematic processes necessary to make bureaucracy more efficient and effective.”  Two scholars (Weber and Taylor) are credited with the development of classical organization thought.  What were the basic arguments articulated by each in their contributions to the development of Classical Organizational Theory?

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Week 3 (Value Proposition in Patient Care)

Week 3 (Value Proposition in Patient Care)

Value Proposition in Patient Care

Paradise Hospital, Inc., is a for-profit hospital. As the facility’s new hospital administrator, you have been tasked with improving the service value of the hospital. The administration has not done this process since the hospital began operating in the year 1995. The investors are not familiar with the value proposition strategies of hospitals in current-day America.

Note: You may create or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.

Write a 4–6 page paper in which you:

Articulate the meaning of value-added service as it pertains to patient care services, and argue the major reasons why it matters to add value to patient services. Justify your response.

Outline a system for identifying the functional areas in which changes might be necessary in order to improve the hospital’s service value. Recommend the key methods that you would use to acquire the information necessary to identify the specified functional areas.

Specify four specific areas where you believe the administration can add value in Paradise Hospital, and argue the most significant reasons why such a value proposition would improve the value of services to the patients.

Go to Basic Search: Strayer University Online Library to find four recent (within the last five years) quality academic resources for this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other websites do not qualify as quality academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with 1-inch margins on all sides.

Follow APA or school-specific format for citations and references. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, your name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:

Propose areas where a hospital can add value to patient services.

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Public Administration

Public Administration

You will discuss assigned questions for the Module/Week.

· Answers to questions must be supported with research and citations. It is not unusual, for instance, to have 3–4 citations per paragraph in doctoral-level research.

· Remember also that writing a research paper, especially at the doctoral-level, requires you to weave in ideas from numerous sources and then in turn synthesizing those ideas to create fresh insights and knowledge.

Specifics:

· 10-12 pages of content, double-spaced

· Must include citations from all readings and presentations for the assigned module (including the Fischer presentations and readings) and at least 15 scholarly sources

· Must include Biblical integration (the Fischer sources will help to that end)

· Current APA format

Module/Week 5 Essay

Discuss the following:

· Define governance.

· What are some of the connotations of the term governance as well?

· What is meant by “good” governance?

· Provide a Biblical perspective on governance in the public administration context.

Essay Paper Grading Rubric

Criteria

Levels of Achievement

Content

(70%)

Advanced

94-100%

Proficient

88-93%

Developing

1-87%

Not present

Total

Content

42.5 to 45 points:

·  Thoroughly answers each assigned question.

·  Provides a well-reasoned synthesis of key ideas.

39.5 to 42 points:

·  Answers each assigned question.

·  Provides some synthesis of key ideas.

1 to 39 points:

·  Fails to answer one or more questions.

·  Largely fails to provide a meaningful synthesis of key ideas.

0 points

Not present

Research & Support

42.5 to 45 points:

·  Goes beyond required reading to provide an in-depth, researched discussion of the assigned questions.

·  Supports assertions with research and numerous citations from all required reading, presentations, and scholarly source material.

39.5 to 42 points:

·  For the most part, goes beyond required reading to provide a discussion of the assigned questions.

·  For the most part, supports assertions with research and citations.

1 to 39 points:

·  Largely fails to go beyond the required reading to answer questions.

·  Limited use of research and citations to support assertions.

0 points

Not present

Biblical Integration

30.5 to 32.5 points:

Provides a nuanced discussion of Biblical concepts as related to the content and assigned questions.

28.5 to 30 points:

For the most part, provides a discussion of Biblical concepts as related to the content and assigned questions.

1 to 28 points:

Provides only a limited discussion of Biblical concepts as related to the content and assigned questions.

0 points

Not present

Structure (30%)

Advanced

94-100%

Proficient

88-93%

Developing

1-87%

Not present

Total

Sources & Citations

19 to 20 points:

· All required readings and presentations from the current and prior modules must be cited.

· At least 15 scholarly sources are used.

17.5 to 18.5 points:

· Most of the required readings and presentations from Modules are cited.

· 13-14 scholarly sources are used.

1 to 17 points:

· Few of the required readings and presentations from the Modules are cited.

· Less than 13 scholarly sources are used.

0 points

Not present

Grammar & APA

16.5 to 17.5 points:

Limited to no errors in grammar, spelling, APA, etc.

15.5 to 16 points:

Some errors in grammar, spelling, APA, etc.

1 to 15 points:

Numerous errors in grammar, spelling, APA, etc.

0 points

Not present

Page Length

14.25 to 15 points:

12-14 pages of content in length (not counting the title page or references); double-spaced.

13.25 to 14 points:

1 page more or less than the required length range (not counting the title page or references); double-spaced.

1 to 13 points:

More than 1 page more or less than the required length range (not counting the title page or references); double-spaced.

0 points

Not present

Instructor’s Comments:

Total:

/175

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