Anne Bradstreet’s Use of the Metaphor/Extended Metaphor in “The Author to her Book”

Add two more pages to a Essay, I already started. Also add on the last Paper of the essay the respective works cited citations added to those 2 new papers. It has to have 3 primary citations and only one secondary citation. this is the topic:

• Anne Bradstreet’s Use of the Metaphor/Extended Metaphor in “The Author to her Book”

Metaphor in The Author to Her Book

The Author to Her Book by Anne Bradstreet is a perfect representation of the author’s feelings towards her book following its publication and criticism for being an unfinished piece. Bradstreet uses the controlling metaphor in the poem to illustrate an author’s dissatisfaction with her book. In essence, she uses the leading metaphor entailing Bradstreet and her book to the association of a caring mother and her kid so as to demonstrate the complicated attitude of the author, which changes in the entire process of the work. The controlling metaphor represents the poem’s part that expresses the faults characterizing her book, which shows the author’s conflicting tone. Thus, Bradstreet uses metaphor in the poem to clearly communicate her emotions towards the publication of her works.

While Bradstreet applies extended metaphor in the poem, The Author to Her Book to stress her displeasure with the works, she demonstrates an unwillingness to abandon her original piece. In the first line, Bradstreet offers the overall description regarding her view of her own creation. For instance, she says “ill-formed offspring” to illustrate that the book is her own making and that it is flawed (Bradstreet 1). Additionally, the author expresses her feeling of embarrassment concerning the publication of her private pieces without her approval. Bradstreet feels disappointed that the works were published before they were corrected and edited. From line six to nine, the author compares the humiliation from her unperfected work to the shame that a parent experiences because of their irritable child. Moreover, Bradstreet shows her intention to delete errors in line 10 through 14 of the poem. However, she notices that it is impossible to erase errors since the poem is already printed. Line 9 through 10 demonstrates that Bradstreet is not the finest mother (Shmoop 1). The author attempts to renounce the work since it is “irksome”, meaning that the book is irritating and frustrating.

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In The Author to Her Book, Bradstreet demonstrates her shame, which is manifested throughout the poem. She struggles with the aspect of her piece’s publication before perfection. In her skillful usage of extended metaphor, the author piles a complex series of parallels entailing parent and author as well as book and child, which are both creator to creation associations. As a result, the reader is emotionally connected to the author’s condition (eNotes 1). Furthermore, Bradstreet equates herself to an imperfect parent or mother through metaphor. In line 17 through 18, Bradstreet contends, “In better dress to trim thee was my mind, / But nought save homespun cloth I’th’ house I find” (Bradstreet 1). Bradstreet maintains that despite her intentions to perfect the text, she could only manage to “dress it” using homely cloth. Metaphorically, the concept implies that Bradstreet uses what is at his disposal while she recognizes that the flaws in the texts were as result of homeliness as well as her individual brain shortfalls. Overall, it can be said that the “child”/texts are flawed because of the defective mind of the creator, who is Bradstreet in this case. Bradstreet instructs the “child” in the final lines. Generally, she maintains that the “child” only has a missing mother, which is the reason why she is unable to dress in a better cloth despite her desire.

Other metaphors exist within the extended metaphor. Bradstreet illustrates that she “washed” the book’s face to suggest that she attempted to enhance the content and appearance of the book. However, Bradstreet says “And rubbing off a spot still made a flaw” to mean that she committed other blunders in the process of correcting the errors in the book (Bradstreet 1). The metaphors to illustrate Bradstreet’s activities on the work are responsible for the personification of the book as a “child”. She also uses metaphor in the last line as sending the book out of the door implies that the book is released for publication. In conclusion, extended metaphor is used in The Author to Her Book to precisely demonstrate Bradstreet’s displeasure with her book, which is released while still imperfect.

 

Works Cited

Bradstreet, Anne. The Author to Her Book. 1978. Available at: https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/author-her-book

eNotes. What literary devices are most important in Anne Bradstreet’s poem, “The Author to Her Book”? 2011. Available at: https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-literary-elements-would-anne-bradstreets-poem-268355

Shmoop. The Author to Her Book by Anne Bradstreet. 2019. Available at: https://www.shmoop.com/the-author-to-her-book/mother-children-imagery.html

SOAP Note for Differential Diagnosis for Skin Conditions

Properly identifying the cause and type of a patient’s skin condition involves a process of elimination known as differential diagnosis. Using this process, a health professional can take a given set of physical abnormalities, vital signs, health assessment findings, and patient descriptions of symptoms, and incrementally narrow them down until one diagnosis is determined as the most likely cause.

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In this Discussion, you will examine several visual representations of various skin conditions, describe your observations, and use the techniques of differential diagnosis to determine the most likely condition.

Note: Your Discussion post should be in the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan) note format, rather than the traditional narrative style Discussion posting format. Refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text and the Comprehensive SOAP Template in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance.Remember that not all comprehensive SOAP data are included in every patient case.

To prepare:

·         Review the Skin Conditions document provided in this week’s Learning Resources, and select two conditions to closely examine for this Discussion.

·         Consider the abnormal physical characteristics you observe in the graphics you selected. How would you describe the characteristics using clinical terminologies?

·         Explore different conditions that could be the cause of the skin abnormalities in the graphics you selected.

·         Consider which of the conditions is most likely to be the correct diagnosis, and why.

A description of the two graphics you selected (identify each graphic by number). Use clinical terminologies to explain the physical characteristics featured in each graphic. Formulate a differential diagnosis of three to five possible conditions for each. Determine which is most likely to be the correct diagnosis, and explain your reasoning.

REMINDERS:

 

Please follow the Note above. Do SOAP note format and check it out on the uploaded file the SOAP template as your outline for your writings… No traditional essay on this assignment, again use SOAP note. Thank you.

 

Note: Because the information in this course is so vital, a large number of resources are provided in various formats to facilitate your competence in diagnosing a wide variety of health conditions. When multiple resources are available on the same topic, select those that best meet your personal learning needs to prepare you to accurately diagnose patient health problems.

 

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Readings

·         Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2015). Seidel’s guide to physical examination (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

o    Chapter 8, “Skin, Hair, and Nails” (pp. 114-165)

This chapter reviews the basic anatomy and physiology of skin, hair, and nails. The chapter also describes guidelines for proper skin, hair, and nails assessments.

·         Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2016). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

o    Chapter 28, “Rashes and Skin Lesions” (pp. 325-343)

This chapter explains the steps in an initial examination of someone with dermatological problems, including the type of information that needs to be gathered and assessed.

Note: Download and use the Adult Examination Checklist and the Physical Exam Summary when you conduct your video assessment of the skin, hair, and nails.

·         Seidel, H. M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2011). Adult examination checklist: Guide for skin, hair, and nails. In Mosby’s guide to physical examination (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

This Adult Examination Checklist: Guide for Skin, Hair, and Nails was published as a companion to Seidel’s guide to physical examination (8th ed.), by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., & Flynn, J. A. Copyright Elsevier (2015). Fromhttps://evolve.elsevier.com/

·         Seidel, H. M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2011). Skin, hair, and nails physical exam summary. In Mosby’s guide to physical examination (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

This Skin, Hair, and Nails Physical Exam Summary was published as a companion to Seidel’s guide to physical examination(8th ed.), by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., & Flynn, J. A. Copyright Elsevier (2015). Fromhttps://evolve.elsevier.com/

·         Chadha, A. (2009). Assessing the skin. Practice Nurse, 38(7), 43–48.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, the author explains how to take a relevant skin health history. In addition, the article defines common terms used to describe skin lesions and rashes.

·         Ely, J. W., & Stone, M. S. (2010). The generalized rash: Part I. Differential diagnosis. American Family Physician, 81(6), 726–734.

Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0315/p726.html

This article focuses on common, uncommon, and rare causes of generalized rashes. The article also specifies tests to diagnose generalized rashes.

·         Ely, J. W., & Stone, M. S. (2010). The generalized rash: Part II. Diagnostic approach. American Family Physician, 81(6), 735–739.

Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0315/p735.html

This article revolves around the diagnosis of generalized rashes. The authors describe clinical features that may help in distinguishing generalized rashes.

·         Everyday Health, Inc. (2013). Resources for dermatology and visual conditions. Retrieved fromhttp://www.skinsight.com/ info/for_professionals 

This interactive website allows you to explore skin conditions according to age, gender, and area of the body.

·         Document: Skin Conditions (Word document)

This document contains five images of different skin conditions. You will use this information in this week’s Discussion.

·         Document: Comprehensive SOAP Exemplar (Word document)

·         Document: Comprehensive SOAP Template (Word document)

Media

Online media for Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination

In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the online resources included with the course text, Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapter 8 that relate to the assessment of the skin, hair, and nails.

The following suturing tutorials provide instruction on the basic interrupted suture, as well as the vertical and horizontal mattress suturing techniques:

·         Tulane Center for Advanced Medical Simulation & Team Training. (2010, July 8). Suturing technique.Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-LDmCVtL0o

·         Mikheil. (2014, April 22). Basic suturing: Simple, interrupted, vertical mattress, horizontal mattress. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFP90aQvEVM

·         LeBlond, R. F., Brown, D. D., & DeGowin, R. L. (2009). DeGowin’s diagnostic examination (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Medical.

o    Chapter 6, “The Skin and Nails”

In this chapter, the authors provide guidelines and procedures to aid in the diagnosis of skin and nail disorders. The chapter supplies descriptions and pictures of common skin and nail conditions.

·         Ethicon, Inc. (n.d.a). Absorbable synthetic suture material. Retrieved fromhttp://academicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/resident_info/supplement/suture_manuals/absorbable_suture_chart.pdf

·         Ethicon, Inc. (2006). Dermabond topical skin adhesive application technique. Retrieved fromhttp://academicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/resident_info/supplement/suture_manuals/db_application_poster.pdf

·         Ethicon, Inc. (2001). Ethicon needle sales types. Retrieved fromhttp://academicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/resident_info/supplement/suture_manuals/needle_template.pdf

·         Ethicon, Inc. (n.d.b). Ethicon sutures. Retrieved fromhttp://academicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/resident_info/supplement/suture_manuals/suture_chart_ethicon.pdf

·         Ethicon, Inc. (2002). How to care for your wound after it’s treated with Dermabond topical skin adhesive. Retrieved fromhttp://academicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/resident_info/supplement/suture_manuals/db_wound_care.pdf

·         Ethicon, Inc. (2005). Knot tying manual. Retrieved fromhttp://academicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/resident_info/supplement/suture_manuals/knot_tying_manual.pdf

 

·         Ethicon, Inc. (n.d.c). Wound closure manual. Retrieved fromhttp://academicdepartments.musc.edu/surgery/education/resident_info/supplement/suture_m

Comprehensive SOAP Template

 

 

Patient Initials: _______                 Age: _______                                   Gender: _______

 

Note: The mnemonic below is included for your reference and should be removed before the submission of your final note.

O = onset of symptom (acute/gradual)

L= location

D= duration (recent/chronic)

C= character

A= associated symptoms/aggravating factors

R= relieving factors

T= treatments previously tried – response? Why discontinued?

S= severity

 

SUBJECTIVE DATA: Include what the patient tells you, but organize the information.

 

Chief Complaint (CC): In just a few words, explain why the patient came to the clinic.

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History of Present Illness (HPI): This is the symptom analysis section of your note. Thorough documentation in this section is essential for patient care, coding, and billing analysis. Paint a picture of what is wrong with the patient. You need to start EVERY HPI with age, race, and gender (e.g., 34-year-old AA male). You must include the seven attributes of each principal symptom in paragraph form not a list:

1. Location
2. Quality
3. Quantity or severity
4. Timing, including onset, duration, and frequency
5. Setting in which it occurs
6. Factors that have aggravated or relieved the symptom
7. Associated manifestations

 

Medications: Include over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal supplements. List each one by name with dosage and frequency.

 

Allergies: Include specific reactions to medications, foods, insects, and environmental factors. Identify if it is an allergy or intolerance.

 

Past Medical History (PMH): Include illnesses (also childhood illnesses), hospitalizations., and

 

Past Surgical History (PSH): Include dates, indications, and types of operations.

 

Sexual/Reproductive History: If applicable, include obstetric history, menstrual history, methods of contraception, sexual function, and. risky sexual behaviors.

 

Personal/Social History: Include tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, patient’s interests, ADL’s and IADL’s if applicable, and exercise and eating habits.

 

Immunization History: Include last Tdap, Flu, pneumonia, etc.

 

Significant Family History: Include history of parents, grandparents, siblings, and children.

 

Lifestyle: Include cultural factors, economic factors, safety, and support systems and sexual preference.

 

Review of Systems: From head-to-toe, include each system that covers the Chief Complaint, History of Present Illness, and History (this includes the systems that address any previous diagnoses). Remember that the information you include in this section is based on what the patient tells you. To ensure that you include all essentials in your case, refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text

General: Include any recent weight changes, weakness, fatigue, or fever, but do not restate HPI data here.

            HEENT:

Neck:

            Breasts:

            Respiratory:

            Cardiovascular/Peripheral Vascular:

            Gastrointestinal:

            Genitourinary:

            Musculoskeletal:

            Psychiatric:

            Neurological:

            Skin:  Hematologic:

            Endocrine:

            Allergic/Immunologic:

 

OBJECTIVE DATA: From head-to-toe, include what you see, hear, and feel when doing your physical exam.. Do not use “WNL” or “normal.” You must describe what you see.

 

Physical Exam:

Vital signs: Include vital signs, ht, wt, and BMI. Pulse Ox, Pain level.

General: Include general state of health, posture, motor activity, and gait. This may also include dress, grooming, hygiene, odors of body or breath, facial expression, manner, level of consciousness, and affect and reactions to people and things.

HEENT:

Neck:

Chest

Lungs:

Heart

Peripheral Vascular: Abdomen:

Genital/Rectal:

Musculoskeletal:

Neurological:

Skin:

Include any labs, x-rays, or other diagnostics that are needed to develop the differential diagnoses IF YOU ALREADY HAVE RESULTS.

 

ASSESSMENT: List your priority diagnosis(es). For each priority diagnosis, list at least three differential diagnoses, each of which must be supported with evidence and guidelines. For holistic care, you need to include previous diagnoses and indicate whether these are controlled or not controlled. These should also be included in your treatment plan.

 

PLAN: This section is not required for the assignments in this course (NURS 6512) but will be required for future courses.

 

Treatment Plan: If applicable, include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies, alternative therapies, follow-up recommendations, referrals, consultations, and any additional labs, x-ray, or other diagnostics. Support the treatment plan with evidence and guidelines.

 

Health Promotion: Include exercise, diet, and safety recommendations, as well as any other health promotion strategies for the patient/family. Support the health promotion recommendations and strategies with evidence and guidelines.

 

Disease Prevention: As appropriate for the patient’s age, include disease prevention recommendations and strategies such as fasting lipid profile, mammography, colonoscopy, immunizations, etc. Support the disease prevention recommendations and strategies with evidence and guidelines.

 

REFLECTION: Reflect on your clinical experience, and consider the following questions: What did you learn from this experience? What would you do differently? Do you agree with your preceptor based on the evidence? This is worth 25 points!

 

References: Should use two peer-reviewed journal articles or references to support your reflection and differentials as well as any textbooks used.

Comprehensive SOAP Exemplar

 

Purpose: To demonstrate what each section of the SOAP Note should include. Remember that nurse practitioners treat patients in a holistic manner, and your SOAP Note should reflect that premise.

 

Patient Initials: _______                 Age: _______                                   Gender: _______

 

SUBJECTIVE DATA:

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Chief Complaint (CC): Coughing up phlegm and fever

 

History of Present Illness (HPI): Sara Jones is a 65-year-old Caucasian female who presents today with a productive cough x 3 weeks and fever for the last 3 days. She reported that the “cold feels like it is descending into her chest.” The cough is nagging and productive. She brought in a few paper towels with expectorated phlegm – yellow/brown in color. She has associated symptoms of dyspnea of exertion and fever. Her Tmax was reported to be 102.4 last night. She has been taking Ibuprofen 400mg about every 6 hours and the fever breaks, but it returns after the medication wears off. She rated the severity of her symptom discomfort at 4/10.

 

Medications:

• Lisinopril 10mg daily
• Combivent 2 puffs every 6 hours as needed
• Serovent daily
• Salmeterol daily
• Over-the-counter Ibuprofen 200mg -2 PO as needed
• Over-the-counter Benefiber
• Flonase 1 spray each night as needed for allergic rhinitis symptoms

 

Allergies:

Sulfa drugs – rash

 

Past Medical History (PMH):

1.) Emphysema with recent exacerbation 1 month ago – deferred admission – RX’d with outpatient antibiotics and hand held nebulizer treatments.

2.) Hypertension – well controlled

3.) Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) – quiet, on no medication

4.) Osteopenia

5.) Allergic rhinitis

 

Past Surgical History (PSH):

• Cholecystectomy 1994
• Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) 1998

 

Sexual/Reproductive History:

Heterosexual

G1P1A0

Non-menstruating – TAH 1998

 

Personal/Social History:

She has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily x 30 years; denied ETOH or illicit drug use.

 

Immunization History:

Her immunizations are up to date. She received the influenza vaccine last November and the Pneumococcal vaccine at the same time.

 

Significant Family History:

Two brothers – one with diabetes, dx at age 65, and the other with prostate CA, dx at age 62. She has one daughter in her 30s, healthy, living in nearby neighborhood.

 

Lifestyle:

She is retired, has been widowed x 8 years, and lives in the city in a moderate crime area with good public transportation. She is a college graduate, owns her home, and receives a pension of $50,000 annually – financially stable.

 

She has a primary care nurse practitioner provider and goes for annual and routine care twice annually and as needed for episodic care. She has medical insurance but often asks for drug samples for cost savings. She has a healthy diet and eating pattern. There are resources and community groups in her area at the senior center that she attends regularly. She enjoys bingo. She has a good support system composed of family and friends.

 

Review of Systems:

 

General: + fatigue since the illness started; + fever, no chills or night sweats; no recent weight gains of losses of significance

 

HEENT: No changes in vision or hearing; she does wear glasses, and her last eye exam was 1 ½ years ago. She reported no history of glaucoma, diplopia, floaters, excessive tearing, or photophobia. She does have bilateral small cataracts that are being followed by her ophthalmologist. She has had no recent ear infections, tinnitus, or discharge from the ears. She reported her sense of smell is intact. She has not had any episodes of epistaxis. She does not have a history of nasal polyps or recent sinus infection. She has a history of allergic rhinitis that is seasonal. Her last dental exam was 3/2014. She denied ulceration, lesions, gingivitis, gum bleeding, and has no dental appliances. She has had no difficulty chewing or swallowing.

 

Neck: No pain, injury, or history of disc disease or compression. Her last Bone Mineral density (BMD) test was 2013 and showed mild osteopenia, she said.

 

Breasts: No reports of breast changes. No history of lesions, masses, or rashes. No history of abnormal mammograms.

 

Respiratory: + cough and sputum production (see HPI); denied hemoptysis, no difficulty breathing at rest; + dyspnea on exertion; she has history of COPD and community acquired pneumonia 2012. Last PPD was 2013. Last CXR – 1 month ago.

 

CV: No chest discomfort, palpitations, history of murmur; no history of arrhythmias, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, edema, or claudication. Date of last ECG/cardiac work up is unknown by patient.

 

GI: No nausea or vomiting, reflux controlled. No abd pain, no changes in bowel/bladder pattern. She uses fiber as a daily laxative to prevent constipation.

 

GU: No change in her urinary pattern, dysuria, or incontinence. She is heterosexual. She has had a total abd hysterectomy. No history of STDs or HPV. She has not been sexually active since the death of her husband.

 

MS: She has no arthralgia/myalgia, no arthritis, gout or limitation in her range of motion by report. No history of trauma or fractures.

 

Psych: No history of anxiety or depression. No sleep disturbance, delusions, or mental health history. She denied suicidal/homicidal history.

 

Neuro: No syncopal episodes or dizziness, no paresthesia, headaches. No change in memory or thinking patterns; no twitches or abnormal movements; no history of gait disturbance or problems with coordination. No falls or seizure history.

 

Integument/Heme/Lymph: No rashes, itching, or bruising. She uses lotion to prevent dry skin. She has no history of skin cancer or lesion removal. She has no bleeding disorders, clotting difficulties, or history of transfusions.

 

Endocrine: No endocrine symptoms or hormone therapies.

 

Allergic/Immunologic: Has hx of allergic rhinitis, but no known immune deficiencies. Her last HIV test was 10 years ago.

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OBJECTIVE DATA

 

Physical Exam:

Vital signs: B/P 110/72, left arm, sitting, regular cuff; P 70 and regular; T 98.3 orally; RR 16; non-labored; Wt: 115 lbs; Ht: 5’2; BMI 21

General: A&O x3, NAD, appears mildly uncomfortable

HEENT: PERRLA, EOMI, oronasopharynx is clear

Neck: Carotids no bruit, jvd or tmegally

Chest/Lungs: CTA AP&L

Heart/Peripheral Vascular: RRR without murmur, rub, or gallop; pulses+2 bilat pedal and +2 radial

ABD: benign, nabs x 4, no organomegaly; mild suprapubic tenderness – diffuse – no rebound

Genital/Rectal: external genitalia intact, no cervical motion tenderness, no adnexal masses.

Musculoskeletal: symmetric muscle development – some age-related atrophy; muscle strengths 5/5 all groups

Neuro: CN II – XII grossly intact, DTR’s intact

Skin/Lymph Nodes: No edema, clubbing, or cyanosis; no palpable nodes

 

ASSESSMENT:

 

Lab Tests and Results:

CBC – WBC 15,000 with + left shift

SAO2 – 98%

 

Diagnostics:

Lab:

Radiology:

CXR – cardiomegaly with air trapping and increased AP diameter

ECG

Normal sinus rhythm

 

Differential Diagnosis (DDx):

• Acute Bronchitis
• Pulmonary Embolis
• Lung Cancer

 

Diagnoses/Client Problems:

 

1.) COPD

2.) HTN, controlled

3.) Tobacco abuse – 40-pack-a-year history

4.) Allergy to sulfa drugs – rash

5.) GERD – quiet, on no current medication

 

PLAN: [This section is not required for the assignments in this course but will be required for future courses.]

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NURS 6050

Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

 

It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first major piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debate ever since.

As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and/or opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policy and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news.

In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

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The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)

 

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.
• Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.
• Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.
• Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

(A draft of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid should be posted to the Module 1 Discussion Board by Day 3 of Week 1.)

 

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

• Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?
• How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?
• Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?

 

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief (THIS PART IS NEEDED)

Based on the feedback that you received from your colleagues in the Discussion, revise Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid and Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis.

Then, using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:

• Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.
• Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2

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Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

 

Use this Agenda Comparison Grid to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected and the presidential agendas. By completing this grid, you will develop a more in depth understanding of your selected issue and how you might position it politically based on the presidential agendas.

 

You will use the information in the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid to complete the remaining Part 2 and Part 3 of your Assignment.

 

 

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.	Mental Health Issue (Depression)
Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.	Depression is the foremost cause leading young population to death in the USA. According to Cockerham, depression is a mental disorder, which is caused by psychological, persistent social and biological pain. This leads to disinterest of social life and committing suicide. Yet, if depression is not treated, it may lead to dementia, stroke and heart attack. In the past six to ten years, researchers such as Disease Control and Prevention found that youngsters at the age of 18 to 24 years, experience depression and going through suicidal thoughts. Unlike citizens 45 to 65 years of age, reports have reported that deaths among these particular group have been significantly rising. Mental health illnesses have brought many US presidents attention, which most of them have taken various steps allowing easy access to treatments and medicines.
Administration (President Name)	(Current President) Donald Trump	(Previous President) Barack Obama	(Previous President) George W. Bush
Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents.	– To renovate the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, president Donald Trump came up with a different strategy, a new healthcare bill. – Diminishing the amount of Medicaid is one of the undertaken steps of Donald Trump’s administration. This way, insurance plan will only cover substance use and mental issues meanwhile majority of them depend on low income.	– Obama signed an act, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. It is also known to be Obamacare, allowing the extension of federal mental parity to Medicaid. – The purpose of the act is to support people with mental illnesses and people who are disable. In 2010, president Obama signed the Frank Melville Supportive Housing Investment Act.	– In 2002, George W Bush shaped a commission, which involved experts in the mental health field. – President George W Bush wanted to bring the anguishes undergone by mentally ill citizens to an end. President George W Bush signed the Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addictions Equity Act in 2008. An all-inclusive law that covers health insurance. The act states the treatment of drug abuse and other health conditions. – In 2003, W. Bush signed the Medicare Modernization Act. He also supported the formation of health savings accounts. Patients who have metal health can also access the savings scheme.
Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.	– Funds provision to mental health and abuse services has been reduced by $600 million in the economic year 2019. To the erection of new healthcare system, President Donald Trump proposed a provision of $500 million.	– Obama proposed $500 million in 2008/2009. The money was to be used to increase Americans mental health medication and care.  Early identification permits doctors to prompt treatment for mentally ill citizens. Therefore, President Obama defied agencies to post additional data to check citizen’s background.	None
Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.	– Regardless of the funds that have been planned for the new healthcare plan, Trump’s management happened to fail. The consideration of low-income earners depends on ACA and Medicaid. So the American Heal Care Act will not identify the Act compelling Medicaid.	– President Obama came up with a healthcare plan that helped to rationalize the healthcare subdivision. The way it is done is by identifying the need for efficient use and that is deliberating all the Americans.	– With President W. Bush’s management, it actually made a great breakthrough undertaking mental health and healthcare issues. Through Medicaid, the government was able to access to healthcare to low-income earners.

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Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cooperates on creating the expertise, tools, and information allowing people and communities insure their health through health promotion, preventing diseases, injury, disability, alertness for new health threats.

How does the healthcare issue get on the agenda and how does it stay there?

Across the globe, there is a growing number of diseases being reported everyday. The need for healthcare wellbeing and planning must be recognized by political leaders. Many Americans are being affected by this matter, therefore the administrations must make these health issues part of their agenda. Healthcare issues can be deliberated through legislation and become part of the government’s agenda. With that said, leaders must come up with new ideas on how to reduce and accommodate medical bills that are paid by their people. The healthcare will stay on the agenda until a solution is made.

Who was the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected?

–    John F. Kennedy

 

References

 

Alexander, L. M., Keahey, D., & Dixon, K. (2018). Opioid use disorder: A public health emergency. Journal of the American Academy of PAs, 31(10), 47-52.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/

Cockerham, W. C. (2016). Sociology of mental disorder. Taylor & Francis. Heller, B. D. (2016). Revolutionizing the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008. Seton Hall L. Rev., 47, 569. Thompson, F. J., Gusmano, M. K., & Shinohara, S. (2018). Trump and the Affordable Care Act: Congressional Repeal Efforts, Executive Federalism, and Program Durability. Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 48(3), 396-424.

UMUC Biology 102/103 Lab 1: Introduction to Science Answer Key

This contains 100% correct material for UMUC Biology 103 LAB01. However, this is an Answer Key, which means, you should put it in your own words. Here is a sample for the questions answered:

 

Exercise 1: Data Interpretation  (2 pts each)

1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4?

No fish are present when the dissolved oxygen is zero. When there is more dissolved oxygen in the water, more fish are present. However, the number of fish tends to drop or level off when the dissolved oxygen is higher than 12 ppm.

 

2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water.

Possible Hypotheses:

1.    The amount of dissolved oxygen affects the number of fish that can live in a body of water.

2.    As dissolved oxygen concentration increases, more fish can live in the body of water.

3.    There is an ideal dissolved oxygen concentration for fish to live in.

 

The rest of the questions are answered in full version:

 

1.    What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis?

 

 

2.    What would be the independent and dependent variables?

 

 

3.    What would be your control?

 

 

4.    What type of graph would be appropriate for this data set?  Why?

 

 

5.    Graph the data from Table 4: Water Quality vs. Fish Population (found at the beginning of this exercise).

 

 

6.    Interpret the data from the graph made in Question 7.

 

Exercise 2: Experimental Variables

Determine the variables tested in the each of the following experiments. If applicable, determine and identify any positive or negative controls.

 

Observations

1.    A study is being done to test the effects of habitat space on the size of fish populations. Different sized aquariums are set up with six goldfish in each one. Over a period of six months, the fish are fed the same type and amount of food. The aquariums are equally maintained and cleaned throughout the experiment. The temperature of the water is kept constant. At the end of the experiment the number of surviving fish is surveyed.

A.    Independent Variable:

 

 

B.    Dependent Variable:

 

 

C.   Controlled Variables/Constants:

 

 

D.   Experimental Controls/Control Groups:

 

 

2.    To determine if the type of agar affects bacterial growth, a scientist cultures E. coli on four different types of agar. Five petri dishes are set up to collect results:

§  One with nutrient agar and E. coli

§  One with mannitol-salt agar and E. coli

 

§  One with MacConkey agar and E. coli

§  One with LB agar and E. coli

§  One with nutrient agar but NO E. coli

 

All of the petri dishes received the same volume of agar, and were the same shape and size. During the experiment, the temperature at which the petri dishes were stored, and at the air quality remained the same. After one week the amount of bacterial growth was measured.

A.    Independent Variable:

 

 

B.    Dependent Variable:

 

C.   Controlled Variables/Constants:

 

 

D. Experimental Controls/Control Groups:

Exercise 3: Testable Observations

Determine which of the following observations are testable. For those that are testable:

Determine if the observation is qualitative or quantitative

Write a hypothesis and null hypothesis

What would be your experimental approach?

What are the dependent and independent variables?

What are your controls – both positive and negative?

How will you collect your data?

How will you present your data (charts, graphs, types)?

How will you analyze your data?

 

Observations

1.    A plant grows three inches faster per day when placed on a window sill than it does when placed on a on a coffee table in the middle of the living room.

 

 

2.    The teller at the bank with brown hair and brown eyes is taller than the other tellers.

 

 

 

3.    When Sally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is 10 points lower than when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods.

 

 

 

4.    The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm but the one two blocks away closes at 10 pm.

 

 

5.    For the past two days, the clouds have come out at 3 pm and it has started raining at 3:15 pm.

 

 

 

6.    George did not sleep at all the night following the start of daylight savings.

 

Exercise 4: Conversion

For each of the following, convert each value into the designated units.

 

 

1.    46,756,790 mg = _______ kg

 

 

2.    5.6 hours = ________ seconds

 

 

3.    13.5 cm = ________ inches

 

 

4.    47 °C = _______ °F

 

Exercise 5: Accuracy vs. Precision

For the following, determine whether the information is accurate, precise, both or neither.

 

1.    During gym class, four students decided to see if they could beat the norm of 45 sit-ups in a minute. The first student did 64 sit-ups, the second did 69, the third did 65, and the fourth did 67.

 

 

2.    The average score for the 5th grade math test is 89.5. The top 5th graders took the test and scored 89, 93, 91 and 87.

 

3.    Yesterday the temperature was 89 °F, tomorrow it’s supposed to be 88 °F and the next day it’s supposed to be 90 °F, even though the average for September is only 75 °F degrees!

 

4.    Four friends decided to go out and play horseshoes. They took a picture of their results shown to the right:

 

 

5.    A local grocery store was holding a contest to see who could most closely guess the number of pennies that they had inside a large jar. The first six people guessed the numbers 735, 209, 390, 300, 1005 and 689. The grocery clerk said the jar actually contains 568 pennies.

 

 

Exercise 6: Significant Digits and Scientific Notation

Part 1: Determine the number of significant digits in each number and write out the specific significant digits.

 

1.    405000

 

 

2.    0.0098

 

 

3.    39.999999

 

 

4.    13.00

 

 

5.    80,000,089

 

 

6.    55,430.00

 

 

7.    0.000033

 

 

8.    620.03080

 

Part 2: Write the numbers below in scientific notation, incorporating what you know about significant digits.

 

1.    70,000,000,000

 

 

2.    0.000000048

 

 

3.    67,890,000

 

 

4.    70,500

 

 

5.    450,900,800

 

 

6.    0.009045

 

 

7.    0.023

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Stewardship Recognition Strategy and a Marketing Strategy.

Your non-profit organization should be Red Cross Society of China, and all your strategy should be based on Red Cross Society of China.

The recognition and stewardship strategy (1/2 page, single spaced) for a major gift donor should describe the donor’s gift and the written and other thank-you’s and immediate and planned recognition that will be given, and the near and ongoing stewardship that will be conducted for this immediate and likely or hoped future major gift donor.

The marketing plan (1/2 page, single spaced) should describe the actions that will be taken to present, promote and have reaction, such as comments, questions and gifts, to the fundraising case and request for support.  The plan should include actions taken inside the organization as well as those external to the organization.

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