Applying the Precede-Proceed Model

Applying the Precede-Proceed Model

The Assigned Target Population for the Module 5 Assignment (Applying the Precede-Proceed Model) is school children.

From an ecological perspective, the Precede-Proceed model has been used to plan effective behavior change programs for over three decades. It was originally developed as the Precede model, with the Proceed part concentrating on intervention and evaluation added later.

The PRECEDE acronym stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational and/or Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation. While the PROCEED acronym represents Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development.

The following phases make up the Precede part:

  • Phase 1: Social Assessment
  • Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment
  • Phase 3: Educational and Ecological Assessment
  • Phase 4: Administrative and Policy Assessment and Intervention Alignment

The Proceed part of the model consists of:

  • Phase 5: Implementation
  • Phase 6: Process evaluation
  • Phase 7: Impact evaluation
  • Phase 8: Outcome evaluation

The focus of the model is on the outcome rather than the activities. Using the eight phases, you will be asked to apply the Precede-Proceed model to a specific health topic and target population.

Planning, implementing, and evaluating a successful intervention, with its many “moving parts,” requires planners to have a “framework” by which to track the critical aspects of the intervention. Intervention Mapping provides for a sort of scope and sequence timeline, with key decision points, so that decisions can be made efficiently and effectively at these key points of planning, implementation, and evaluation. Intervention Mapping allows planners to use theory constructs to assess needs and strengths of a population, and design initiatives to address (needs) or utilize (strengths) these in a systematic order. As with any event, the process requires specific planning, and in public health education, Intervention Mapping can be a meaningful tool.

Both the Precede-Proceed model and Intervention Mapping will assist you in utilizing theory and effectively designing health interventions. Using theory and planning models as a basis for designing health interventions will result in more successful outcomes for target populations.

While the target population will be assigned by your Instructor, you will be asked to select a topic from the Topics document found in this module’s Resources.

To prepare:

  • Download the Topics document from your Learning Resources and select one topic to focus on.
  • Review the Module 5 Resources.

Submit a 6- to 7-page paper (not including title page or references) that includes the following:

Title page

Section headers addressing each of the following required sections for the narrative:

  1. In your own words, provide a brief description of the Precede-Proceed model.
  2. Using the Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment, expand upon the factors you selected for this phase.
    1. Discuss/compare the behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors for your topic and target group.
    2. Explain why these were selected and deemed important to the health topic and target group.
  3. Using the Phase 3-Educational and Ecological assessment, discuss the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors for your topic and target group.
    1. Explain why these were selected and deemed important to the health topic and target group.
  4. Using the Phase 4-Administration and policy assessment and Intervention Alignment, discuss the health education and policy regulation factors for your topic and target group.
    1. Explain why these were selected and deemed important to the health topic and target group.
  5. Briefly discuss how Phases 5–8 of the Proceed part of the model apply to your topic and target group.
  6. Summarize the Precede-Proceed Model and its application to your selected target group and assigned health topic.

Include a reference list using APA format.

Note:

  • Cite the sources within your text where you refer to them, using APA format.
  • Be sure to include peer-reviewed journal articles that establish the evidence-based research for your responses.
  • Be sure to present your narrative in paragraph form and avoid simply listing or bulleting the information.
  • Your final document should include title page, the narrative and an APA reference list presented in the format as described in the instructions.

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Content

Top of Form

Name: PUBH6038_Module5_Assignment_Rubric

Description: Criteria: Adherence to Assignment Expectations (see course for details)

  Does Not Meet Expectations Meets Expectations Very Good Outstanding
Description of the Precede-Proceed model in own words.
(10 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 7 (7.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately describe the Precede-Proceed model

Points Range:8 (8.00%) – 8 (8.00%)

Adequate description and support of the Precede-Proceed model, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:9 (9.00%) – 9 (9.00%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported explanation of the Precede-Proceed model with minimal concerns

Points Range:10 (10.00%) – 10 (10.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion of the Precede-Proceed model

Discussion and comparison of the behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment.
(10 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 7 (7.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately discuss and compare the behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment

Points Range:8 (8.00%) – 8 (8.00%)

Adequate discussion, comparison, and support of how the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels can/do influence the assigned health topic using the Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:9 (9.00%) – 9 (9.00%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported discussion and comparison of how the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels can/do influence the assigned health topic using the Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment with minimal concerns

Points Range:10 (10.00%) – 10 (10.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion and comparison of how the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels can/do influence the assigned health topic using the Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment

Explanation of why these behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group.
(10 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 7 (7.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately explain why these behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group

Points Range:8 (8.00%) – 8 (8.00%)

Adequate explanation and support of why these behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:9 (9.00%) – 9 (9.00%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported explanation of why these behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group with minimal concerns

Points Range:10 (10.00%) – 10 (10.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion of why these behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group

Discussion of the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 3-Educational and Ecological assessment.
(10 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 7 (7.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately discuss predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 3-Educational and Ecological assessment

Points Range:8 (8.00%) – 8 (8.00%)

Adequate discussion and support of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 3-Educational and Ecological assessment, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:9 (9.00%) – 9 (9.00%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported discussion of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 3-Educational and Ecological assessment with minimal concerns

Points Range:10 (10.00%) – 10 (10.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 3-Educational and Ecological assessment

Explanation of why these predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group.
(10 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 7 (7.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately explain why these predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group

Points Range:8 (8.00%) – 8 (8.00%)

Adequate explanation and support of why these predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:9 (9.00%) – 9 (9.00%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported explanation of why these predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group with minimal concerns

Points Range:10 (10.00%) – 10 (10.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion of why these predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group

Discussion of the health education and policy regulation factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 4-Adminstration and policy assessment and Intervention Alignment.
(10 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 7 (7.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately discuss health education and policy regulation factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 4-Adminstration and policy assessment and Intervention Alignment

Points Range:8 (8.00%) – 8 (8.00%)

Adequate discussion of health education and policy regulation factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 4-Adminstration and policy assessment and Intervention Alignment, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:9 (9.00%) – 9 (9.00%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported discussion of health education and policy regulation factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 4-Adminstration and policy assessment and Intervention Alignment with minimal concerns

Points Range:10 (10.00%) – 10 (10.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion of health education and policy regulation factors for your topic and target group using the Phase 4-Adminstration and policy assessment and Intervention Alignment

Explanation of why these health education and policy regulation factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group.
(10 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 7 (7.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately explain why these health education and policy regulation factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group

Points Range:8 (8.00%) – 8 (8.00%)

Adequate explanation and support of why these health education and policy regulation factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:9 (9.00%) – 9 (9.00%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported explanation of why these health education and policy regulation factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group with minimal concerns

Points Range:10 (10.00%) – 10 (10.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion of why these health education and policy regulation factors were selected and deemed important to your health topic and target group

Discussion of how Phases 5–8 of the Proceed part of the model apply to your topic and target group.
(5 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 3 (3.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately discuss how Phases 5–8 of the Proceed part of the model apply to your topic and target group

Points Range:4 (4.00%) – 4 (4.00%)

Adequate discussion and support of how Phases 5–8 of the Proceed part of the model apply to your topic and target group, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:4.5 (4.50%) – 4.5 (4.50%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported discussion of how Phases 5–8 of the Proceed part of the model apply to your topic and target group with minimal concerns

Points Range:5 (5.00%) – 5 (5.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly discussion of how Phases 5–8 of the Proceed part of the model apply to your topic and target group

Summary of the Precede-Proceed Model and its application to your selected target group and assigned health topic.
(5 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 3 (3.00%)

Missing, unoriginal, or does not adequately summarize the Precede-Proceed Model and its application to your selected target group and assigned health topic

Points Range:4 (4.00%) – 4 (4.00%)

Adequate summary of the Precede-Proceed Model and its application to your selected target group and assigned health topic, but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:4.5 (4.50%) – 4.5 (4.50%)

Generally thorough, well organized, and supported summary of the Precede-Proceed Model and its application to your selected target group and assigned health topic with minimal concerns

Points Range:5 (5.00%) – 5 (5.00%)

Fully developed and supported, insightful, credible, and scholarly summary of the Precede-Proceed Model and its application to your selected target group and assigned health topic

Written Communication: Extent to which writing is professional, appropriate, clear, properly formatted, grammatically and structurally correct, synthesized, supported, and scholarly.
(20 points)
Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 15 (15.00%)

Writing does not meet basic expectations (e.g. clarity, tone, organization, grammar, spelling, punctuation, source citation, references, title page, synthesis of source material, insufficient originality, etc.)

Points Range:16 (16.00%) – 17 (17.00%)

Writing adequately meets expectations  for writing and synthesis but with infrequent and minor issues

Points Range:18 (18.00%) – 18 (18.00%)

Writing is generally thorough and grammatically correct, with proper formatting and minimal concerns. Synthesis is demonstrated and ideas are supported without reliance on quoting

Points Range:19 (19.00%) – 20 (20.00%)

Writing is fully developed, exceptionally well organized, synthesized, supported, scholarly, and free of writing errors. Concepts are connected throughout paper with appropriate transitions and multiple appropriate resources and examples.

Name:PUBH6038_Module5_Assignment_Rubric

Description:Criteria: Adherence to Assignment Expectations (see course for details)

Bottom of Form

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Module 5: Precede-Proceed Model and Intervention Mapping (Weeks 8–9)

Aymelek is a middle-aged employee at a metropolitan health department. She supports a group of Middle Eastern refugees living in a rural community where community and religious groups have been mobilized to offer support. A plan is needed to offer direction to these groups, so the Middle Eastern refugees can be provided with essential necessities and assistance.

Health-related issues are often very complex. Making sense of all the aspects of the issue can be challenging. Planning models such as Precede-Proceed and Intervention Mapping are often described as maps, blueprints, or GPS systems, and are useful tools to help public health and health education professionals analyze and make sense of such problems.

Precede-Proceed and Intervention Mapping provide direction to plan, implement, and evaluate effective health programs and interventions. These models use the theories and their constructs/levels to enable successful planning and to develop interventions that address defined health issues for specific target populations. Unlike the theories/models you have examined previously, these models do not attempt to explain or predict behavior. Rather, they allow the planner to systematically create programs utilizing those theoretical constructs to create successful outcomes. These models also provide guidance for the application of theories/models and the development of effective evaluation methods within interventions.

Applying the constructs of the Precede Proceed Model, what impact might the model have on planning the essential needs and services for the Middle Eastern refugees that Aymelek is working with?

In this module, you will examine and apply the Precede-Proceed and Intervention Mapping models to design various health programs and interventions.

 

Please Note:

Two different versions of the Precede-Proceed Model are evident in your resource materials. The difference between the two depictions of the Model, is that one has 8 phases and one has 9 phases. The differences are in actuality quite minor, with the 8 phase description simply combining, in phase 2, Epidemiological with Behavioral and Environmental Assessment ( Behavioral and Environmental Assessment are a separate phase in the other depiction of the Model). The combining of the two, shifts the numbering system for the other phases, as well. You will find the other phases remain the same, but their numbers are off.

Resources

 

  • Chapter 19, “Planning Models for Theory-Based Health Promotion Interventions” (pp. 359–383) Retrieved from
    https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/waldenu/reader.action?docID=4180250&ppg=377

https://journals-sagepub-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/doi/10.4278/ajhp.130820-QUAL-438

 

https://search-proquest-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/2001020589?accountid=14872

 

http://sites.bu.edu/ciis/files/2016/06/PRECEDEPROCEED-Model-Cheat-Sheet_CGA.pdf

 

https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-contents/overview/other-models-promoting-community-health-and-development/preceder-proceder/main

 

https://search-proquest-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/1857324765?accountid=14872

 

https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/2/program-models/precede-proceed

 

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The Biosphere

The Biosphere

Our fictional characters from our readings include Waterly Water from the Hydrosphere, Nico Nitrogen from the Atmosphere, and Remi Rock from the Lithosphere. However, we did not meet any characters from the Biosphere.

This is your time to continue our story by creating a fictional character from the Biosphere to join the other characters.

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words.

  • Who will your character be? Is it an element? A molecule? An animal? Or something else? What is your character’s name and characteristics?
  • Write a birth announcement for your character to introduce the character to the world. Include the character’s origin, make up, and facts about it on Earth.
  • Describe a short story about your character living and existing in the biosphere.

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Unit VII Case Study (BOS 3640)

Unit VII Case Study (BOS 3640)

Unit VII Case Study For this assignment, you are the lead incident commander for a hazardous materials incident similar to those that have been introduced in this course. In this scenario, HLF Polyurethane Manufacturing was undergoing a maintenance activity in which an acid gas feed line segment required replacement. Pressure gauges were not installed in the line to monitor activity or to indicate if the line was operational. Upon initiating the line breaking activity (opening the line to the atmosphere) under self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), there was an uncontrolled release of acid gas. A nearby welding operation provided the ignition source and the flammable gas was ignited. The following actions were initially taken: The evacuation alarm was sounded and the facility emergency response team (ERT) was activated. The plant manager and the local fire department were notified of the incident. The incident command was established at the facility office near the main access gate to the south (this is the furthest distance within the property boundary from the incident location). The incident commander implemented actions required under the approved emergency response plan. The ERT was not able to immediately isolate the source of the incident. The fire department arrived on location and assumed the incident command of the event. Additional Relevant Information: The facility encompasses an area measuring 2000 feet by 1400 feet. The nearest residential community is located approximately 1000 feet to the northeast. A plastic recycling plant is located along the south fence boundary of the refinery. A major interstate highway runs directly parallel to the plant. The ambient temperature on the day of the incident was 85° F and the wind was blowing at 7 mph from the southwest to the northeast. Work crews were scheduled to work 12-hour shifts, 24-hours a day, to complete the incident response. The facility has a trained ERT that can respond to incidents. Your essay must address the following: Summarize the incident. Identify all hazardous materials involved, their classifications and their physical properties. Discuss chemical incompatibility and interactions relevant to this incident. Discuss any short or long term mitigation necessary. Explain how the lead incident commander should respond to this incident based on the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG).

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Click the link below to access the ERG at the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration OSH 3640, Interactions of Hazardous Materials 3 website: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (n.d.). Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG). Retrieved from http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg Explain the corrective action plan that should be implemented based on the ERG to prevent a reoccurrence of this event. Your response must be at least one page in length (not counting the cover page or reference page). All sources used, including the text, must be referenced. Paraphrased and quoted materials must have accompanying in-text and reference citations in APA format. Your response must be at least one page in length (not counting the cover page or reference page). All sources used, including the text, must be referenced. Paraphrased and quoted materials must have accompanying in-text and reference citations in APA format.

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Kristen’s Cookie Company Case Study

Kristen’s Cookie Company Case Study

Operations and Project Management

Assignment Description

Case is attached.

Develop a paper that follows the APA Guidelines and is approximately 10 pages in length excluding cover page, diagrams, tables, references, and appendices. See layout requirements below.

If there are questions in the case, answer them. View the case as if you are the Operations Manager, or CEO of the company. Look up the company on the internet, are they real? What kind of analysis tools can you use from your text to help you support your conclusions with the case? How does the foreign–based firm operate differently than the U.S. based counterparts?  Definitely answer the key questions. If you choose, the Further Thought questions could be addressed as part of your overall analysis.

Writing Guidelines

Your paper must follow the layout below, including types of headings, flow of information, and what content to include.

  • Title Page
  • Abstract
  • Introduction (40 points)

Begin with an introduction, including your thesis statement. The Introduction answers the following questions:

    • Give background information
    • What is the thesis or main idea of the case study?
    • What are the relevant key points about the organization?
    • What are the relevant key points about the situation?
    • What are the ethical and diversity issues related to this case?
  • Method (60 points)
    At a minimum, this is to be a main section and heading in your paper. You may use additional major headings if you wish, and you will probably also want to use subheadings (see example below). The Method section answers the following questions:

    • What is the situational analysis of the problem or issue? (A SWOT analysis is suggested here.)
    • What are the causes/effects of the situation or problem?
    • How did the problem evolve (over night or over time)?
    • How can course concepts be applied to provide greater understanding of the situation?
    • How will ethical and diversity issues be addressed?
  • Results/Discussion (60 points)
    At a minimum, this is to be a main section and heading in your paper. You may use additional major headings if you wish, and you will probably also want to use subheadings (see example below). The Results/Discussion section answers the following questions:

    • How can the problem be solved?
    • What specific recommendations can be made for improving the situation?
    • Explain your rationale for these suggestions.
    • How will these recommendations, if implemented, enhance organizational effectiveness?
    • How will ethical and diversity issues impact your recommendations?
  • References (40 points)
    Per APA, start the “References” section on a new page after the last page of your last section of the paper.
  • Appendix (if needed)

Each page of your printed paper must include the title of the paper (left-justified) and the page number (right-justified). Use header/footer function in MS Word to insert the required information at the top right corner, starting with the title page as page 1.

In general, pay close attention to style, format, and proper mechanics including language use, grammar, spelling, sentence structure and where required supported by APA formatted references. (-1 point for each error)

Before turning in your final draft, make sure:

  • Your key points are clear and the information is well-organized as described in the term paper assessment rubric
  • Proofread the entire document (or have someone you trust proofread it)
  • Eliminate mechanical errors, run spell check, etc.

 

Use of Subheadings

  • Subheadings can be used under a main heading to provide additional clarity. Subheading format follows a prescribed method that is the same for both the Analysis and the Recommendations and Rationale sections. See the example below:

 

 

  • Subheading (first level of subheading – either underline or italicize)
  • Start writing here. Comments regarding subheadings: You may or may not include subheadings. You name the subheadings yourself.
  • Start writing here. (Next level of subheading. If you have one subheading at this level, then you must have at least two subheadings at this level.) Note the period at the end of this title for this level of subheading. Again, either underline or italicize.
  • Start writing here. (Next level of subheading.) Note the period at the end of this title for this level of subheading. Again, either underline or italicize.
  • Subheading (Back to the first level of subheading – either underline or italicize)
  • Start writing here. If you have one subheading, then you must have at least two subheadings.
  • Start writing here. (Next level of subheading. If you have one subheading at this level, then you must have at least two subheadings at this level.) Note the period at the end of this title for this level of subheading. Again, either underline or italicize.
  • Start writing here. (Next level of subheading.) Note the period at the end of this title for this level of subheading. Again, either underline or italicize.
  • And so on…

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SCIE211 Phase 4 Lab Report

SCIE211 Phase 4 Lab Report

Name:

 

Date:

 

Instructor’s Name:

 

Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 4 Lab Report

 

Title: Analysis of Energy Sources

 

Instructions: You will write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method.

 

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

 

Part I: Using the lab animation, fill in the data table below to gather your data, and use it to help you generate your hypothesis, outcomes, and analysis.

 

Energy Source Fuel (Coal)/Uranium Needed (tons) CO2 Emissions
(tons)
Sulfur Dioxide and Other Emissions (tons) Radioactivity mSv (millisievert) Solid Waste (tons) Accidents
Coal            
Nuclear            

 

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Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific method sections:

  • Purpose
    • State the purpose of the lab.
  • Introduction
    • This is an investigation of what is currently known about the question being asked. Use background information from credible references to write a short summary about concepts in the lab. List and cite references in APA style.
  • Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome
    • hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you expect to be the results of the lab procedures.
  • Methods
    • Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers) were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the Results/Outcome section.
  • Results/Outcome
    • Provide here any results or data that were generated while doing the lab procedure.
  • Discussion/Analysis
    • In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected results, and if the outcome was as expected.
    • Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results and what you learned.

Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction section.

Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to adequately explain your experiment.

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

  • Purpose

To find out which energy source has little environmental effects.

To find out the most economical energy source.

  • Introduction

Due to effects of increased global warming and other negative environmental effects of energy sources it is important to seek other alternative sources that are less harmful to the environment (Bredesen, n.d.). In the example of the source given in the experiment are coal and nuclear both of which have negative environmental implications. Coal is more dangerous to the environment because it releases sulfur dioxide that depletes the ozone layer. It is not economic as compared to nuclear which needs less uranium and releases less emission to the environment (Bredesen, n.d.).

  • Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome

Nuclear energy is better source of energy than coal and release less dangerous emissions to the environment hence environmentally friendly.

  • Methods

Two sources of energy were observed as well as the dangerous emissions from common sources of energy. The emissions for each source of energy was measured and recorded during its burning process. The possible accidents associated with each source of energy during burning were also observed and the results recorded in a table format.

 

  • Results/Outcome
Energy Source Fuel (Coal)/Uranium Needed (tons) CO2 Emissions
(tons)
Sulfur Dioxide and Other Emissions (tons) Radioactivity mSv (millisievert) Solid Waste (tons) Accidents
Coal 625000 1.75 75000 0.25 1500000 N/A
Nuclear 187500 52500 0 25 62.5 N/A

 

  • Discussion/Analysis

From the data obtained it can be verified that nuclear is better source of energy than coal. It has no sulfur dioxide emissions and other emissions. It also releases more carbon dioxide gas that is used by plants in making their food. It has little solid waste disposed and does not have any accident associated issues. The only issue is that it increases rate of radioactivity that can be dangerous to the person conducting the experiment during exposure (Bredesen, n.d.).

Reference

Bredesen A M. (n.d.) Startegies for environmentally friendly energy systems and the role of natural gas. (Article/ letter to editor.)

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HSA 520 FINAL EXAM PART 2

HSA 520 FINAL EXAM PART 2

Part 2: Balgrosky: Chapters 3, 11, and 12 (20 questions worth 4 points apiece)

eHealth is:    The use of e-commerce and e-business practices in health systems management    The delivery of health information, for health professionals and consumers, through the Internet    Using the power of IT to improve public health services    All of the above. Question 2   What is one of the stages of implementation?    Brainstorming    Program Selection    Analysis    Design  Question 3   Systems for exporting data to reporting organizations, such as The Joint Commission, fall into Quadrant _____ of the HIS Planning Framework.    I    II    III    IV    All of the above. Question 4   Which of the following areas is important to EHR data and its usefulness for research?    Data definition variability    Data inaccuracy    Data incompleteness    All of the above Question 5   A good HIS plan can advance the organization’s performance, for example:    Reducing cost.    Reducing waste.    Increasing patient and provider satisfaction.    Improving the quality of care.    All of the above. Question 6   All except one of the following is a challenge to telemedicine and telehealth.    Cultural barriers.    Cost of providing telemedicine.    Too many cases with conflicting research findings.    Legal issues.    Technical challenges. Question 7   The purpose of governmental health care policy is to:    Address issues that the private sector cannot.    Address issues that are related to civil liberties, national security, and public safety.    Protect public health.    All of the above. Question 8   The term “dematerialized information” refers to:    Storing information in the cloud.    Protecting personal medical information.    Information that is bound to a physical structure.    None of the above Question 9   Which of the following is a source of public health data?    News reports    Government    Survey sampling    All of the above Question 10   Infrastructure refers to the electronic highway that carries data and information and includes:    Software.    Patient information.    Servers.    Hosts Question 11   Which of the following does not support better public health surveillance and management?    Widespread EHRs    Health information exchange (HIE)    Online appointment scheduling    Mobile health technology    Better analytics for data Question 12   Health services research is:    The examination of how people get care, what it costs, and what the outcomes are.    The prediction of critical public health threats.    A focused look at clinical care processes and which serve patients best.    All of the above Question 13   Outcomes research, the study of the end results of medical care—is practiced by:    Clinicians.    Universities and teaching institutions.    Private companies and consumers.    Government agencies.    All of the above. Question 14   What is quadrant of the HIS Planning Framework?    Clinical Transaction Systems    Financial Transaction Systems    IT Systems    Patient Systems. Question 15   The number of clinical trials and case reports published each year has grown from _____ in 1950 to ______ now.    0 to 27,000    500 to 3,000    27,000 to 150,000    150,000 to 2,000,000 Question 16   _______ is an automatic collaboration, intrinsic in EHR systems, between care providers and public health agencies to alert the public disease outbreaks.    Syndromic surveillance    Self-reporting    Survey sampling    Sentinel monitoring Question 17   Which of these is not a tool for improving data stewardship and HIS planning?    Data model.    Data dictionary.    Data storage.    Data structures. Question 18   When defining the HIS strategic plan (and the organization’s overall strategic plan) information should be solicited from:    Executive level management.    Clinicians, including nurses, assistants, and physicians.    Administrative staff.    All of the above Question 19   In addition to governance from the board, organizations can and should create data steering committees, which:    Consists of interdisciplinary leaders from all departments.    Consists of IT staff.    Determines the color of upholstery in new cancer centers.    Consists of hospital leaders Question 20   The __________ works bi-directionally—layers both build upon each other and provide feedback for each other.    HRM Conceptual Model    ACL Conceptual Model    HIS Conceptual Model    EHR Conceptual Model

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HSA 535 Midterm Exam

HSA 535 Midterm Exam

Question 1 .

The first step in any epidemiological investigation is to ____.

Answer

understand causation establish risk factors track trends and determine if particular diseases are increasing or decreasing in the population describe the population demographically by age, race, sex, education, and other relevant indicators

Question 2 .

One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate.

Answer

informed consent voluntary consent beneficence primary agent

Question 3 .

A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal) number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time is referred to as an ____.

Answer

epidemic endemic outbreak epidemic threshold

Question 4 .

The normal occurrence of a disease or condition common to persons within a localized area is known as a(n) ____.

Answer

transmission pandemic endemic epidemic

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Question 5 .

Reproductive health studies ____.

Answer

the role of genetics in disease development the occurrence and risk factors for disease such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes that are slow to develop but span many years the distribution and risk factors for injuries, either accidental or intentional normal reproductive processes and problems that can occur including infertility, birth defects, and low birth weight

Question 6 .

The course of a disease, if left untreated, is referred to as ____.

Answer

transmission control measure natural history geographic pattern

Question 7 .

Physical, biological, social, cultural, and behaviors that influence health are known as ____.

Answer

risk factors health-related states agents determinants

Question 8 .

James Lind (1716-1794) observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____.

Answer

comparing sick persons to well persons applying the germ theory to public health introducing randomization when conducting clinical trials applying the germ theory to hygiene practices

QUestion 9

The aspect of consistency means that ____.

Answer

an increasing amount of exposure increases the risk the association should be compatible with existing theory and knowledge the association is consistent when results are repeated in studies in different settings using different methods the findings agree with currently accepted understanding of pathological processes

QUestion 10

The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations, causative factors, and ____.

Answer

alternate explanations risk factors results coherence

Question 11

For chronic diseases, the time between exposure and symptoms is called the ____ period, which can range from a few months to many years.

Answer

latency incubation temporal plausibility

Question 12

Risk factors or exposures that we think might affect the outcome are known as ____.

Answer

indirect causes direct causes dependent variables independent variables

QUestion 13

Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present, this is an example of ____ prevention.

Answer

primary secondary tertiary quaternary

QUestion 14 The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____.

Answer

a plausible period temporal period incubation period latency period

Question 15 .

A proportion measured over a period of time is known as a ____.

Answer

period prevalence prevalence proportion point prevalence rate

Question 16

The representation of a numerator as a fraction of a denominator is known as a(n) ____.

Answer

proportion rate incidence rate specific rate

Question 17 .

Prevalence equals ____.

Answer

incidence times duration of disease incidence divided by duration of disease incidence plus duration of disease incidence divided by duration of disease times 100

Question 18 .

While many people are used to hearing proportions represented as a percentage, many population samples in epidemiology are often presented per ____.

Answer

1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

.Question 19 .

By definition, the disease or condition used to identify a case is determined by the ____.

Answer

hypothesis conclusion prevalence incidence

Question 20 .

A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____.

Answer

person time case suspect case proportion

QUestion 21:

The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually one year) divided by the population “at-risk” to develop the disease is known as ____.

Answer

prevalence proportion incidence rate contingency case severity

Question 22 .

The number of existing cases of disease divided by the population is known as ____.

Answer

crude rate person time incidence rate prevalence proportion

Question 23 .

If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called a ____.

Answer

multidrug resistant drug or super-drug multidrug resistant bacterium or superbug resistant bacterium or streptococcus bacterium killer bacterium or deadly bacterium

.Question 24 .

The disease carrier of most concern is known as a(n) ____, which is an infected person who never gets clinically ill, but can transmit the etiologic agent to others.

Answer

healthy or passive carrier pregnant carrier convalescent carrier active carrier

Question 25 .

____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery.

Answer

Horizontal transmission Vertical transmission Lateral transmission Polar transmission

Question 26

There is ____ in the overall crude death rate in the United States from the year 1900 until 1996.

Answer

a definite increase a slight decrease hardly any change a clear decline

Question 27 .

The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States.

Answer

22; 1.1 35; 10 66; 11 50; 22

Question 28 .

One of the most important emerging problems with the control of infectious diseases has to do with ____.Answer

deadly parasitic infections antibiotic resistant viral infections antibiotic resistant bacterial infections vaccine resistant viral infections

Question 29 .

A(n) ____ is an infected individual capable of transmitting disease during and after clinical disease.

Answer

convalescent carrier passive carrier active carrier inactive carrier

Question 30 . ____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one person through an intermediate item to another person.

Answer

Horizontal transmission Vertical transmission Quick transmission Polar transmission

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Hazards Vulnerability Matrix

Hazards Vulnerability Matrix

Assignment Instruction

Hazards Vulnerability Matrix

Developing a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis document takes significant time and coordination with the local community partners and organizations. The intent of this assignment is to get you on the path to developing an HVA using the fictitious city called Bobsville. The document on Bobsville is intended to provide to you a snapshot of many small towns in America.

To fully complete the HVA process you would need to ensure that you have coordinated with your community, county, and state partners to evaluate the hazards in your community. If you were going to do the entire process from start to finish you would have to complete the following 4 Steps to completing the HVA:

There are 4 Steps to completing an HVA:

1. Identify the Hazards

2. Profile the Hazards

3. Inventory the Assets

4. Estimate the Losses

Since you will be working on your own, and due to the amount of time we have as a class, you will only be completing the first two items: 1) Identify the Hazards; and 2) Profile the Hazards.  There are 4 worksheets (adapted from FEMA course IS559) associated with these 2 steps.

This week you will complete Worksheet 1 – Hazard Vulnerability Matrix. I want you to develop one worksheet for each types of hazards (natural, technological, and human). You will use the fictitious town of Bobsville to complete the assignment.

This is the first step you will use to complete the HVA. You will use the HVA and associated documents as a resource document for your next class  EDMG220 when you develop your Emergency Operations Plan (EOP). Be thorough and ensure that you are as meticulous as you can since missing information will impact the EOP.

Instructions

  1. Download “Welcome to Bobsville.docx” for information on the location you will evaluate.
  2. Download the EDMG101 HVA Matrix.xlsx.  This contains a cover sheet and 3 blank tabs to fill–Natural, Technological, and Human.
  3. Fill out your name and date on the cover tab.
  4. Fill in each tab with hazards you identified from the location being assessed.  Many columns have drop-down menus with standardized values.  You do not have to fill in every row in every tab, but be thorough.  If you need to copy additional blank rows you can.
  5. Add your first initial and last name to the filename. ie: AJones HVA Matrix.xlsx
  6. Submit here in the classroom.

Supporting Materials

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Welcome to Bobsville

Founded in 2000, Bobsville is a fictitious city that is located in the heartland of America in Oklahoma.  Bobsville’s population when the University of Bobsville is in session is 9500 and when the school is not in session, the population is 7500.  Bobsville has been voted one of the Top 100 places in America to live in and has been voted as one of the Top 100 friendliest towns to live in.

Geography

The overall size of the city of Bobsville is 30 square blocks (4.6 X 6.5 miles) and shaped like a rhombus geometric symbol. The city is oriented with Main Street along the long axis from southwest to northeast and Center Street along the short axis from southeast to northwest. The average temperature in the winter is 40 degree F, in the summer it is 85 degrees F, and in the spring and fall, the temperature averages around 65 degrees F.

The topography of the town is flat. The highest point is 68 feet above sea level. Bobsville Creek runs from the northeast to the southwest into Lake Elise, which is larger than Bobsville.  There is only one bridge in town where Oklahoma 323 goes over the Bobsville Creek, which has some Level 2 rapids for kayaking, but only early in spring after the snow thaw.

City Council

Bobsville is your normal American small town.  The mayor doubles as the town’s dry cleaner; the city council is 5 individuals; 1 who is the Volunteer Fire Chief, 1 who is the Sheriff, 1 who is the Sherriff Deputy; 1 who is the Elementary/Middle School Principles and 1 town council member is always a high school student who is in their senior year of high school.

The mayor of Bobsville is an uncompensated position, but one of the benefits of being mayor is the 2015 Callahan 750 Luxury 4-wheel drive pickup with the town logo with his/her name painted on the side. The current mayor has been in office for 12 years and doesn’t seem to want to retire any time soon, which is fine with the town citizens. The mayor chairs the town council meetings on the first Thursday of each month at 7PM. The meetings are well attended and like most small towns, the busy bodies of the town attend the meeting and voice their opinion on many of the topics that are discussed at the meeting. It has been at least 5 years since anyone was escorted from the meetings by the Sheriff; however, they are always ready for the possibility they will need to remove an unruly spectator. Change has not come easy for Bobsville.

In Town

Downtown

The main commercial part of town is along Main Street, and is 7 blocks long and 2 blocks wide The streets beyond the downtown area are generally family homes, 6 blocks wide along Center Street and 10 blocks long along Main Street. The full length of Main Street including the downtown area and the surrounding residential area is 17 blocks.

Main Street through Bobsville used to be Oklahoma 323; however after the 9/11 attacks the section of the road that travels through the town is now known as 9/11 Memorial Drive. There are no stoplights in Bobsville. There are 4-way stop signs at all the intersections.

City Center Monuments

The town center of contains a statue of Bob Willie Ville, the founder. The statue is in the absolute center of town. A traffic circle surrounds the statue. In 2017, the last surviving World War 2 Veteran who lived in Bobville died and a monument was built to commemorate all those who have served their country. There’s been talk of putting in a Veterans Cemetery; however, the funding is not available.

City Offices

Meetings are held in the Town Hall located 2 blocks from the town center on the right side of the road when heading out of town to the northeast.

The following offices are located in the downtown area and are located in the block across from the Town Hall: the Sheriff’s Department; the Fire Chief’s Office; the DMV Office (Open 3 hours per week); and the Emergency Manager who is also the Dogcatcher.

Fire Dept

The fire department has two stations, and 1 Tanker Truck, 1 Rescue Truck, 1 Engine truck, and a Ladder Truck. There are 30 Volunteer firefighters. Each firefighter has duty one day a week and during the 24 hours of duty he/she sleeps at the main fire station located 2 blocks directly east from the statue. The other fire station is in the northwest part of town .5 miles from the statue at 310 degrees on the compass.  If a fire is called in the other firefighters show up to their respective stations.

Sheriff

The Sheriff’s Department has a Sheriff and 6 Deputies. There are 4 vehicles within the office. The Sheriff has one and the deputies share the other 3 vehicles. The deputies work 12-hour shifts and rotate from days to nights. There is only one deputy on duty each day and night. Bobsville does not have a crime problem and the budget for the city is set up to maintain a law enforcement presence, but it is done on a shoestring. The jail in town has one holding cell, and when there is no one in the cell, the on duty deputy sleeps in the cell.

Crime is virtually non-existent and in the last year there were only 3 people arrested; 2 for public intoxication, and 1 for egging the Sherriff’s car. Each individual’s punishment was to walk the downtown area holding a sign letting people know their crimes.

Businesses

The downtown commercial district has a hardware store, a drycleaners, a toy store, a dry goods store, a grocery store, a movie theatre, and a host of other small boutique stores.

On either side of the city offices are small businesses including Clyde’s Diner. Clyde is a retired Navy cook and is famous for having the best cream chipped beef on toast within the state. It is not uncommon on Saturday or Sunday morning to see the line to Clyde’s wrapped around the corner.

Next to Clyde’s is the dry cleaner owned by the mayor, open from 9AM to noon on Tuesday and Thursday. The other days, the mayor is the head groundskeeper at the municipal 9-hole golf course. However, the mayor will open longer when there is a special event in town. The mayor is also available by phone in case someone has a quick need for a suit to be cleaned. The high school band has their uniforms cleaned at the dry cleaner. When the band is invited to march in a big parade, the mayor cleans the uniforms for free, with assistance from the band boosters.

At the end of the main street is Elise’s Creamery, the local ice cream store.

There was an attempt by a rich former resident of Bobsville to build a small mall, the money ran out, the building is in bad shape and has been a place for illicit activities; usually on the weekend after a high school football game.

Many of the stores except the grocery and hardware store close at 6PM. The hardware store, grocery, movie theatre, and creamery stay open to 9PM. No store, including the grocery store is open on Sunday during church hours. There has been a movement to change the Sunday hours, but it has not been successful.

Library/Meeting Hall

The 2000 square foot library doubles as the town’s meeting hall, is located 2 blocks on the west side north of the town center.

Chamber of Commerce/Museum

Next door to the Library, the Bobsville museum of history also doubles as the town’s Chamber of Commerce Office.  It is also the rehearsal hall for the Bobsville town Chamber of Commerce band.

State & Federal Building

A Federal Office Building is also in the downtown area.  It is the tallest building in Bobsville at 6 stories high, and is called Bunny’s Tower.  Its courtroom is used for local, state, and federal court cases. Also within the building are the FBI and ATF offices. At least once a month the agents come to town for a meeting with the Sheriff and Mayor.  The following state and federal agencies make up the top 3 floors:

  1. Oklahoma Agriculture Representative
  2. Oklahoma Wine Growers and Packaging Representative
  3. Oklahoma EPA Representative
  4. Federal Land Management Representative
  5. Bureau of Indian Affairs Representative
  6. National Weather Service’s Tornado Warning Center
  7. Joint CIA/NSA Field Office

Hotel

A hotel is in the lower three floors of Bunny’s Tower and primarily serves the officials which visit though it is open to the public.  There is another hotel at the interstate exit 4 miles north of town.

Churches

Like most towns in Oklahoma, there are enough churches to support the whole town and then some. In the downtown area, there are 5 churches even though downtown is only 7 blocks long. There is a Catholic Church, a Southern Baptist Church, an Independent Baptist Church; a Church of Christ, and a non-denominational church which doubles as the hospital should there be a need for additional medical facilities.

Car Dealership

Bobsville Motor and Transport Company is the only car dealer or repair shop in town, and proudly sold the mayor his official vehicle. The dealership is located 2 blocks directly west from the town center.

Non-Downtown

Medical Complex

Bunny Ville General Hospital (named after Bob Ville’s wife) is just off Main St. half a mile to the northeast of the town center. The hospital has an operating room, an ER with 3 beds; and 5 in-patient beds, one of which is ICU. The staff includes 1 Pediatrician, 1 General Surgeon, 1 Physicians Assistant, 1 Nurse Practitioner, 4 RN’s, 2 LPN’s, and 4 Medical Assistants. The hospital has the capacity to handle minor emergencies; however should a significant number of people require medical assistance Bobstown General Hospital is the next closest hospital 25 miles south of Bobsville. Specialty care is referred to Bobstown General Hospital, a Class 2 Trauma Care facility. The Bobstown General Hospital which is in Disaster County has 100 beds and has the requisite staff to support the hospital should the need arise.

There is no full time EMS staff for the one ambulance the town has; however, Jack who owns the car dealership was once an up and coming dirt track racer and his skills haven’t diminished. Even though the ambulance is old and has over 100000 miles it is maintained well and is capable of doing what is needed should the need arise. When the ambulance has to roll, an RN who was an 18 Delta (Army Special Forces field medic) and a former Navy Hospital Corpsman (Fleet Marine Force) who is a Medical Assistant will roll with the vehicle. The ambulance medical staff’s experience is based upon deployments to Iraq (RN) and Afghanistan (MA). Each individual is trained in trauma care on the battlefield and more than capable of saving a life in the Golden Hour.

Collocated by the hospital is the town’s dental office. The office has 4 dentists, two of which are dental surgeons, and 6 dental hygienists. There is no orthodontist in the town. The closest orthodontist is in Bobstown 25 miles away.

There is no pharmacy at the hospital; however, there is a local pharmacist in the Medical complex that fills all prescriptions as needed.

School Complex

The high school is located 5 blocks south and 3 blocks east of the town center. The elementary school and middle school is also located on the same campus of the high school. The total area of the school campus is 5 blocks wide and 7 blocks long. The campus includes a football stadium, a football practice field, a soccer field, 2 softball fields; one for practice and one for games; and 2 baseball fields, one for practice and one for games. The elementary school also has a 1/8 mile long track and a jungle gym area.

University Campus

The University of Bobsville is a private liberal-arts college located on the northeast edge of town near Lake Elise, which specializes in Natural Resources and Agriculture.  Bobsville’s population when the University of Bobsville is in session is 9500 and when the school is not in session, the population is 7500.  There are 500 dormitory rooms in 10 residence halls.

Parks & Rec Complex

There is a municipal Parks and Recreation department whose office is located at the town’s recreation area 1/4 of a mile north from the town center and surrounded by homes. The recreation area has a two court tennis court, a children’s soccer field that also doubles as the high school bands practice field, a little league baseball field, one softball field and a Babe Ruth baseball field as well as half-sized Olympic swimming pool.

Communications Complex

There is one radio station at the southern end of Main Street that transmits on AM and FM. There is also WBOB, the local ABC affiliate.  The local internet provider offers underground cable broadband service though there are still some residents that use DSL.  There are two cell phone transmitters in Bobsville, one on the radio tower, and the other on top of Bunny’s tower.

Out of Town

Connecting Roads

North of the town is Interstate 58. The entry point to the interstate is 4 miles from the northeastern most tip of the city. There is an exit for services. There are 2 gas stations, 1 hotel, 2 fast food restaurants, and Millie’s Palm Reading. Approximately 5 miles south of town is the intersection of Oklahoma 323 and Oklahoma 322.  High-tension power lines follow Oklahoma 323 from the Disaster County Nuclear Power Plant to the north and provide power to the area.  Roads have been constructed by the town’s leadership that leads out to all of the critical infrastructure sites.

Lake Elise

Just outside the northeast edge of town is Lake Elise; a lake that has a larger area than the city of Bobsville. In his will, the previous owner left all the land around Lake Elise to Bobsville. His will stated that no homes are to be built on the lakes edge and oil and gas boats should not be in the lake. The only vessels allowed in the lake are sailboats, skulls, and other type of rowing boats. The lake is the town’s reservoir.

Airport/National Guard Base

During the Vietnam War, the Army built a helicopter-training base located 2.5 miles east of town, which is now an Army Reserve/National Guard base and is still active. There are currently 6 helicopters on the base; 1 Kiowa, 1 Cobra; 2 Blackhawks; and 2 Apaches. The Soldiers who serve in the units come from as far as 100 miles to the Bobsville Base.

The regional airport is next to the helicopter base and has a 5000-foot runway. Commercial flights take off every day at 9AM, 1PM, and 7PM. The airline supporting the town is affiliated with Yellow Bird Airlines and operates twin-engine turboprops that seat 10. The airport has 2 TSA Agents who split their time of work so that all flights are covered. There are no baggage handlers. Each passenger retrieves his or her luggage from the flight attendant who served the flight. The airport is open 1 hour prior to each flight and closes to the public once the aircraft has departed the area. The control tower is staffed by 2 controllers who also split their time for the flights.  Security is handled by the National Guard.

Water Treatment & Landfill

A water treatment plant and landfill is located 2 miles east of the town center and south of the air base. The plant was built in that location since the prevailing winds come from the west. The plant recently went through an update of its equipment and it doubled the capacity of water it treats from 1.1 million gallons/day to 2.2 million.

Golf Course

The golf course tucked nicely in the southwest corner of the city has only one road leading to it, Duffers Lane. The golf course is also the marshalling point for every full-scale exercise conducted by the Emergency Manager and her team. They chose the golf course because it has only one road leading in and out. The thought was in a real disaster access for responders may be blocked and simulating one way in and out forces the responders to think outside the box.

Winery

Just southwest of town on 9/11 Memorial Drive is the Bobsville Winery, made famous for its Pinot Noir and Pinot Grigio sold exclusively in 1 and 5-gallon wine boxes.

Fairgrounds

The Bobsville Agrarian Fairgrounds is on the east end of town is home to the annual Cow Chip Throwing festival and utilizes the surrounding fields as parking for large events.

Racing Track/Drive In Theatre

The Bobsville dirt track is located about a mile east of the outskirts of town, and doubles as the town’s drive in theatre during the summer (Memorial Day to Labor Day).

RV Park

The RV Park, located 3 miles north from the town center on the far edge of Lake Elise, is where many visitors to the town’s festivals stay.  It is open year round and can be accessed both from the interstate exit as well as a road extending from Center Street in Bobsville that wraps around the lake.

Marina

Lake access boat ramps are found on the southern shore of the lake near the university, as well as a smaller access at the RV park on the northern shore.

County

Bobsville is in Disaster County, a county of 90,000 people. Disaster County is mostly an agricultural county; however, the county is home to the Disaster Nuclear Power Plant; the Disaster County Supermax Prison; the U.S. Army’s Biological Agent/Weapon Analysis and Development Command, and lastly, the Disaster County Regional Airport with a 7000-foot runway.

There are 8 hospitals in Disaster County, which includes a Level 2 Trauma Center.

The Disaster County’s south evacuation route as a result of a radiation release from the nuclear power goes through Bobsville.

Festival Events

Cow Chip Throwing Festival

Bobsville is best known for its cow chip throwing festival that takes place on the last weekend of July, held in the Fairgrounds on the southeast outskirts of town. The Grand Prize for the professional cow chip-throwing category is a cow that supposedly has lines to Elise the cow. Elise is famous for being the first cow featured on a milk carton.

The population of Bobsville expands to around 20,000 during the festival. Most of the people that come to the festival come from the surrounding communities and generally will not need lodging. However, a significant number come from outside the surrounding communities and they generally need lodging if they are not staying in the RV Park.

Bobsville has 2 hotels with a total of 200 rooms. Many local families open up their homes to those that travel great distances for the festival. Since the University is not in session during the festival, there are an additional 500 dormitory rooms available for sleeping.

Rowing Championships

In late May or early June each year, Bobsville hosts the Oklahoma High School Rowing Championship on Lake Elise.  The marina entrance is on the south end of the lake.  Accommodations are handled the same way as the cow chip toss festival.

Natural Disasters

In the last 10 years Bobsville has had 3 EF2 tornadoes; 1 EF4 tornado; and 1 EF5 tornado; along with 6 crippling blizzards with snowfall in excess of 24 inches. Each disaster brought its own set of problems and the people in Bobsville have demonstrated they are resilient. There was a serious drought from 2008-2011 which caused water rationing; and since the towns founding 25 earthquakes of at least 3.0 on the Richter Scale have occurred.

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FEMA Certs

FEMA Certs

IS-11.a: Animals in Disasters: Community Planning

  1. Animals that have been exposed to hazardous materials present no danger to people.
  2. True
    B. False
    2. The best disaster preparedness starts at which level?
  3. Local
    B. Personal
    C. Federal
    D. State
    3. A legal agreement among two or more local jurisdictions that plan to assist each other in cases of emergencies is which of the following?
  4. Local law
    B. Mutual aid agreement
    C. Memorandum of understanding
    D. Local ordinance
    4. Which is NOT a method of reducing the impact of floods on animals?
  5. Locating stables and other animal buildings on high ground
    B. Creating flood protection for roads into and out of the farm
    C. Identifying cost-effective methods of disposing of animal carcasses
    D. Making plans for evacuation of companion animals
    5. Which of the following is NOT accounted for in community damage assessment?
  6. Damages to structures
    B. Number of animals killed or injured
    C. Personal items such as photographs
    D. Damages to a community’s infrastructure
    6. Which of the following is NOT a form of assistance that may be provided following a Presidential disaster declaration?
  7. Food coupons
    B. Legal services
    C. Unemployment assistance
    D. Permanent housing
    7. When confronted by a dog that seems as though it is going to attack you, which of the following actions will most likely reduce the risk of being bitten? A. Yelling for help
    B. Running away
    C. Putting something between yourself and the dog
    D. Lying down and playing dead
    8. Public awareness campaigns accomplish which one of the following?
  8. Plan implementation, including who is responsible for which actions
    B. Form partnerships between emergency management and animal-care communities
    C. Assign roles to various governmental agencies in emergency response
    D. Address hazards that may potentially affect your community
    9. Emergency operations plans should not be tested in advance, so that responders will react with additional energy and not be complacent.
  9. True
    B. False
    10. Holding training sessions for officials with roles in the emergency operations plan is an example of approaching which of the following groups?
  10. The public
    B. Private-sector organizations
    C. Government
    D. The media
    11. During a disaster, information about a temporary animal shelter:
  11. Should be conveyed to the public by the Public Information Officer to ensure a coordinated and consistent message.
    B. Is best communicated to the public by each separate department involved in the disaster response.
    C. Is most effectively conveyed by announcing it to all local veterinarians so they can inform their patients.
    D. Can most efficiently be communicated by posting a sign on the front door of City Hall.
    12. The emergency operations plan functions as a local law.
  12. True
    B. False
    13. Adding a distinctive smell to odorless liquid propane gas is an example of what type of mitigation activity?
  13. Modifying the basic qualities of a hazard
    B. Reducing or limiting the amount of hazard manufactured
    C. Disseminating information
    D. Modifying the rate or spatial distribution of the release of the hazard
    14. Plans should respect the concerns of people who do not wish to be exposed to animals.
  14. True
    B. False
    15. Which method of carcass disposal involves mixing 1 part carcass to 2 parts litter and 1 part straw in alternate layers in a boxed, enclosed area?
  15. Burial
    B. Rendering
    C. Fermenting
    D. Composting
    16. Which of the following Federal organizations is most likely to provide assistance regarding the safety of livestock feed in a federally declared disaster? A. Food and Drug Administration
    B. Department of Agriculture
    C. Federal Emergency Management Agency
    D. Environmental Protection Agency
    17. Who is responsible for coordinating the Federal agencies and programs involved in assistance?
  16. FEMA
    B. State Coordinating Officer
    C. Local emergency manager
    D. Federal Coordinating Officer
    18. Which of the following government agencies may send veterinary medical assistance teams (VMATs) in the event of an emergency?
  17. Department of Health and Human Services
    B. Department of Defense
    C. Federal Emergency Management Agency
    D. Department of Agriculture
    19. Senior citizens are a valuable source of volunteers.
  18. True
    B. False
    20. Creating brochures is expensive, and NOT recommended as a way to inform the community about the emergency operations plan.
  19. True
    B. False

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BOS 3525

BOS 3525

BOS 3525, Legal Aspects of Safety and Health Unit I to Unit VIII Assignment

Unit I Assignment

Hi Jerry! This is your OSHA’s Area Director.

We received a non-formal complaint recently from one of your current employees. The complaint alleges that employees there are performing welding operations on stainless steel in an area with inadequate ventilation.

This employee also states that they frequently “cough up” black sputum, and that they are worried about the health consequences caused by this lack of ventilation.

The complaint further states that no air sampling has been performed to evaluate the employees’ exposures to welding fumes. And, that when asked for respirators, they were given “dust masks” with one strap, which were purchased at the local hardware store. The effectiveness of these dust masks for the exposure that is present is also in question.

I will also be sending you an email summarizing this non-formal complaint, so that you can respond accordingly.

Thanks Jerry! Goodbye.

Part 1

Draft a letter in response to the complaint. Your letter should summarize why you believe the complaint is invalid and no on-site inspection is required. Keep in mind, simply stating that the complaint is invalid is not adequate. You must support your opinions in the letter.

 

Part 2

(Answer the following question on the page 2 of your word document) Answer the questions below in a few sentences.

1. Where does this type of complaint fit on OSHA’s Priority criteria?

2. What factors could have made this complaint non-formal rather than formal?

3. What steps could you take as the employer to identify the employee who filed the complaint? 4. What factors could result in this complaint being reclassified as a formal complaint?

Save both parts of this assignment in one word document to submit for grading.

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Unit II Assignment

Discussion Question

Question 1

Under what conditions can an employee be denied access to the opening conference, walk-around, and closing conference? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Question 2

If the OSHA compliance officer requests documents that are not related to a formal complaint, what options do you believe the employer has? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Question 3

If OSHA determines that an employer’s response to a non-formal complaint is adequate, what options does the employee filing the non-formal complaint have? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Question 4

Can an employee request that an attorney or union representative attend a private conference with the compliance officer? If the union demands to have a representative present, does the employee have to comply? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Unit II Assignment

You receive a follow-up call from the area director saying the employee filing the original non-formal complaint has provided additional information about the alleged health situation and submitted a formal complaint using the OSHA-7 form, making the complaint a formal complaint. A few days later, an OSHA compliance officer shows up at your facility to perform a comprehensive inspection. The compliance officer presents the proper credentials, and you verify that the compliance officer is employed by OSHA and assigned to the local office.

During the opening conference, the compliance officer provides you with the formal complaint, alleging that employees are exposed to hazardous concentrations of metal fumes in welding areas of the plant, that you have not performed any air sampling to determine exposure levels, that adequate ventilation is not present in welding areas, and that adequate respiratory protection has not been provided to welders. As a part of the inspection, the compliance officer requests the following documents:

 

 Chemical inventory list;

 

 OSHA 300 logs;

 

 Hazard Communication Program, including training records;

 

 any sampling data that you have;

 

 Respiratory Protection Program, including medical clearance letters and training records;

 

 written hazard assessment for personal protective equipment (PPE) used at the facility;

 

 Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) for the metals you use in the production process and any welding rods/wire used in the welding area; and

 

 any other written programs you have that are required by an OSHA regulation.

 

The compliance officer takes a walk-through tour of the facility, spending extra time in the welding areas. During the walk-through, the compliance officer points out several issues believed to be apparent violations. The issues are as follows:

 

 Heavy haze is present in the welding area.

 

 Individuals wearing half-mask air-purifying respirators have full beards.

 

 Employees are using chemicals that could be injurious to the eyes, and no emergency eyewash is present.

 

 Eyewash is present in another area of the plant that is covered in dust, and there is no indication of recent operation or inspection.

 

 Employees are using chemicals that could be absorbed through the skin and are not using any gloves.

 

 Employees are performing maintenance inside a press with no lock-out/tag-out applied.

 

 No written lock-out/tag-out program is available at the time of the inspection.

 

 Welding operation is performed near flammable materials, and no fire watch present.

 

 There is no record of training for fork truck drivers.

 

 Extension cords are stretched across walkways.

 

 Three containers are present in the plant with no label present on any of the containers.

 

 An employee could not find a SDS for the chemical he or she was using.

 

The compliance officer asks for a private conference room and a list of non-managerial employees. He tells you that he intends to interview four non-managerial employees before leaving for the day. He also states that he will return the next day to collect some air samples at the facility.

You are worried about the number of citations and penalties that you may face. Provide a document summarizing the steps you would take as soon as the compliance officer leaves, and the steps you believe you could have taken during the walk-through that may have resulted in a quick-fix penalty reduction.

Your document must be at least three pages in length, not counting the title or reference pages. You must also include at least one reference using appropriate APA style.

Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

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Unit III Assignment

You receive a document (linked below) by certified mail. After reading the document, prepare a response that summarizes the approach you would take to the citations and penalties that have been proposed. Be sure to include the following in your response:

 Steps you are required to take,

 Options available to you,

 Contacts you would make, and

 Documentation necessary to respond to the citations and penalties.

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited and a reference provide using APA style.  Click here to access the OSHA citation document for this assignment. Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

Unit IV Assignment

Based on the Citation and Notification of Penalty letter you received in Unit III, prepare a document that summarizes at least five actions you would take as soon as possible after you reviewed the letter. For each of the actions, you must state the following:

 

 the exact action,

 

 why you believe the action is required for the citations and penalties,

 

 how you believe the actions will assist in responding to the citations and penalties, and

 

 resources you would use to accomplish the action.

 

You must support your actions with reliable sources. Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited, and a reference must be provided using APA style.

Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

Unit V Assignment

You managed to schedule an informal conference with the area director at the regional OSHA office four days after you receive the Notice of Citations and Penalty. Based on the citations and penalties you received in Unit III, prepare a document that lists the citations and penalties you wish to discuss with the area director.

You should summarize what you are trying to accomplish in regard to each citation/penalty you choose, to include:

 The information you will use to try and accomplish your goal,

 The information you will take with you to the meeting, and

 Who will accompany you to the meeting.

You must support your actions with reliable sources. Your grade will be based on your ability to present a case to your professor (serving as the area director) to reduce either the severity of some citations, or the amount of some penalties. If you simply state that you accept the citations and penalties as written, you will receive a minimal score on the assignment.

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, not including the title page and reference page. You must use at least one reference in the paper. All sources must be cited in the text and on the reference page, using APA style.

 

Unit VI Assignment

You fail to reach an informal settlement agreement with the area director. You file a Notice to Contest within the required 15-day period. Your case is assigned to an administrative law judge (ALJ). Prepare a document summarizing the case you will submit to the ALJ. The document should discuss the following at a minimum:

 Which citations and penalties you would contest,

 the reasoning behind each contested citation and/or penalty,

 Documents you would bring to the hearing,

 Individuals you would use at the hearing,

 How the case before the ALJ differs from the informal conference,

 What information will be presented before the ALJ that was not presented in the informal conference, and

 What information you would request from OSHA as part of discovery.

You must support your actions with reliable sources. Your grade will be based on your ability to present a case to your professor, serving as the ALJ, to reduce or vacate either the severity of some citations or the amount of some penalties. If you simply state that you accept the citations and penalties as written, you will receive a minimal score on the assignment.

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited in the text and on the reference page, using APA style.

Unit VII Assignment

Assume that a fatality occurred at your facility one month prior to the OSHA inspection. Review the citations and penalties that were assessed to your facility, and respond to the following questions:

• Which of the citations could be referred to the U.S. DOJ for criminal proceedings?

• What conditions would have to be met before the citations could be referred for criminal proceedings?

• Which individuals working at your facility could face criminal charges under the Act?

• What would be the maximum prison sentence and fines that any individual would face?

• What would be the maximum fine that the company would face?

• If you were facing criminal charges under the Act, what would be your best defense?

• How could you involve the OSHRC in the criminal case(s)?

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited in the text and on the reference page, using APA style.

Unit 8- Question Answer

1. Summarize the procedures required to achieve Star status under OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Program (VPP).

2. Describe the role that Challenge Administrators play in the OSHA Challenge voluntary cooperative program.

3. Provide your opinion as to which OSHA voluntary cooperative program would be the most beneficial to a small business that prints business cards and letterhead.

4. Discuss the benefits that OSHA alliances provide to employers and workers in general industry.

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BOS 3525, Legal Aspects of Safety and Health Unit I to Unit VIII Assignment

Unit I Assignment

Hi Jerry! This is your OSHA’s Area Director.

We received a non-formal complaint recently from one of your current employees. The complaint alleges that employees there are performing welding operations on stainless steel in an area with inadequate ventilation.

This employee also states that they frequently “cough up” black sputum, and that they are worried about the health consequences caused by this lack of ventilation.

The complaint further states that no air sampling has been performed to evaluate the employees’ exposures to welding fumes. And, that when asked for respirators, they were given “dust masks” with one strap, which were purchased at the local hardware store. The effectiveness of these dust masks for the exposure that is present is also in question.

I will also be sending you an email summarizing this non-formal complaint, so that you can respond accordingly.

Thanks Jerry! Goodbye.

Part 1

Draft a letter in response to the complaint. Your letter should summarize why you believe the complaint is invalid and no on-site inspection is required. Keep in mind, simply stating that the complaint is invalid is not adequate. You must support your opinions in the letter.

 

 

Part 2

(Answer the following question on the page 2 of your word document) Answer the questions below in a few sentences.

  1. Where does this type of complaint fit on OSHA’s Priority criteria?
  2. What factors could have made this complaint non-formal rather than formal?
  3. What steps could you take as the employer to identify the employee who filed the complaint? 4. What factors could result in this complaint being reclassified as a formal complaint?

Save both parts of this assignment in one word document to submit for grading.

Unit II Assignment

Discussion Question

Question 1

Under what conditions can an employee be denied access to the opening conference, walk-around, and closing conference? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Question 2

If the OSHA compliance officer requests documents that are not related to a formal complaint, what options do you believe the employer has? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Question 3

If OSHA determines that an employer’s response to a non-formal complaint is adequate, what options does the employee filing the non-formal complaint have? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Question 4

Can an employee request that an attorney or union representative attend a private conference with the compliance officer? If the union demands to have a representative present, does the employee have to comply? Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Unit II Assignment

You receive a follow-up call from the area director saying the employee filing the original non-formal complaint has provided additional information about the alleged health situation and submitted a formal complaint using the OSHA-7 form, making the complaint a formal complaint. A few days later, an OSHA compliance officer shows up at your facility to perform a comprehensive inspection. The compliance officer presents the proper credentials, and you verify that the compliance officer is employed by OSHA and assigned to the local office.

During the opening conference, the compliance officer provides you with the formal complaint, alleging that employees are exposed to hazardous concentrations of metal fumes in welding areas of the plant, that you have not performed any air sampling to determine exposure levels, that adequate ventilation is not present in welding areas, and that adequate respiratory protection has not been provided to welders. As a part of the inspection, the compliance officer requests the following documents:

 

 Chemical inventory list;

 

 OSHA 300 logs;

 

 Hazard Communication Program, including training records;

 

 any sampling data that you have;

 

 Respiratory Protection Program, including medical clearance letters and training records;

 

 written hazard assessment for personal protective equipment (PPE) used at the facility;

 

 Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) for the metals you use in the production process and any welding rods/wire used in the welding area; and

 

 any other written programs you have that are required by an OSHA regulation.

 

The compliance officer takes a walk-through tour of the facility, spending extra time in the welding areas. During the walk-through, the compliance officer points out several issues believed to be apparent violations. The issues are as follows:

 

 Heavy haze is present in the welding area.

 

 Individuals wearing half-mask air-purifying respirators have full beards.

 

 Employees are using chemicals that could be injurious to the eyes, and no emergency eyewash is present.

 

 Eyewash is present in another area of the plant that is covered in dust, and there is no indication of recent operation or inspection.

 

 Employees are using chemicals that could be absorbed through the skin and are not using any gloves.

 

 Employees are performing maintenance inside a press with no lock-out/tag-out applied.

 

 No written lock-out/tag-out program is available at the time of the inspection.

 

 Welding operation is performed near flammable materials, and no fire watch present.

 

 There is no record of training for fork truck drivers.

 

 Extension cords are stretched across walkways.

 

 Three containers are present in the plant with no label present on any of the containers.

 

 An employee could not find a SDS for the chemical he or she was using.

 

The compliance officer asks for a private conference room and a list of non-managerial employees. He tells you that he intends to interview four non-managerial employees before leaving for the day. He also states that he will return the next day to collect some air samples at the facility.

You are worried about the number of citations and penalties that you may face. Provide a document summarizing the steps you would take as soon as the compliance officer leaves, and the steps you believe you could have taken during the walk-through that may have resulted in a quick-fix penalty reduction.

Your document must be at least three pages in length, not counting the title or reference pages. You must also include at least one reference using appropriate APA style.

Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

Unit III Assignment

You receive a document (linked below) by certified mail. After reading the document, prepare a response that summarizes the approach you would take to the citations and penalties that have been proposed. Be sure to include the following in your response:

 Steps you are required to take,

 Options available to you,

 Contacts you would make, and

 Documentation necessary to respond to the citations and penalties.

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited and a reference provide using APA style.  Click here to access the OSHA citation document for this assignment. Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

Unit IV Assignment

Based on the Citation and Notification of Penalty letter you received in Unit III, prepare a document that summarizes at least five actions you would take as soon as possible after you reviewed the letter. For each of the actions, you must state the following:

 

 the exact action,

 

 why you believe the action is required for the citations and penalties,

 

 how you believe the actions will assist in responding to the citations and penalties, and

 

 resources you would use to accomplish the action.

 

You must support your actions with reliable sources. Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited, and a reference must be provided using APA style.

Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

Unit V Assignment

You managed to schedule an informal conference with the area director at the regional OSHA office four days after you receive the Notice of Citations and Penalty. Based on the citations and penalties you received in Unit III, prepare a document that lists the citations and penalties you wish to discuss with the area director.

You should summarize what you are trying to accomplish in regard to each citation/penalty you choose, to include:

 The information you will use to try and accomplish your goal,

 The information you will take with you to the meeting, and

 Who will accompany you to the meeting.

You must support your actions with reliable sources. Your grade will be based on your ability to present a case to your professor (serving as the area director) to reduce either the severity of some citations, or the amount of some penalties. If you simply state that you accept the citations and penalties as written, you will receive a minimal score on the assignment.

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, not including the title page and reference page. You must use at least one reference in the paper. All sources must be cited in the text and on the reference page, using APA style.

 

Unit VI Assignment

You fail to reach an informal settlement agreement with the area director. You file a Notice to Contest within the required 15-day period. Your case is assigned to an administrative law judge (ALJ). Prepare a document summarizing the case you will submit to the ALJ. The document should discuss the following at a minimum:

 Which citations and penalties you would contest,

 the reasoning behind each contested citation and/or penalty,

 Documents you would bring to the hearing,

 Individuals you would use at the hearing,

 How the case before the ALJ differs from the informal conference,

 What information will be presented before the ALJ that was not presented in the informal conference, and

 What information you would request from OSHA as part of discovery.

You must support your actions with reliable sources. Your grade will be based on your ability to present a case to your professor, serving as the ALJ, to reduce or vacate either the severity of some citations or the amount of some penalties. If you simply state that you accept the citations and penalties as written, you will receive a minimal score on the assignment.

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited in the text and on the reference page, using APA style.

Unit VII Assignment

Assume that a fatality occurred at your facility one month prior to the OSHA inspection. Review the citations and penalties that were assessed to your facility, and respond to the following questions:

  • Which of the citations could be referred to the U.S. DOJ for criminal proceedings?
  • What conditions would have to be met before the citations could be referred for criminal proceedings?
  • Which individuals working at your facility could face criminal charges under the Act?
  • What would be the maximum prison sentence and fines that any individual would face?
  • What would be the maximum fine that the company would face?
  • If you were facing criminal charges under the Act, what would be your best defense?
  • How could you involve the OSHRC in the criminal case(s)?

Your response must be a minimum of two pages in length, using at least one reference. All sources must be cited in the text and on the reference page, using APA style.

Unit 8- Question Answer

  1. Summarize the procedures required to achieve Star status under OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Program (VPP).
  2. Describe the role that Challenge Administrators play in the OSHA Challenge voluntary cooperative program.
  3. Provide your opinion as to which OSHA voluntary cooperative program would be the most beneficial to a small business that prints business cards and letterhead.
  4. Discuss the benefits that OSHA alliances provide to employers and workers in general industry.

PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW