NUR 606 Week 9 Discussion 1 Question-Based Discussion—Team B (General Neurologic Dysfunction)
NUR 606 Week 9 Discussion 1 Question-Based Discussion—Team B (General Neurologic Dysfunction)
Value: 100 points
Due: To facilitate scholarly discourse, create your initial post by Day 3, and reply to at least two of your classmates, on two separate days, by Day 7.
Gradebook Category: Discussions
Initial Post
It is understood that thoughtful responses to your topic question(s) will take some time and thought. Please organize your thoughts before creating your initial post.
Based on your assigned team, create an initial post by answering all questions in your team’s case study, making sure to address all components of all questions.
By Day 3, post your initial response to your assigned part of the case study as a reply to the appropriate discussion thread. Please be sure to number the questions addressed and include all components of each question in your response. Each initial response must have a reference, including at least two scholarly references other than your textbook or course materials. Your post should comprehensively address the questions posed.
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation
Welcome to class
Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to
I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.
Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.
If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.
Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.
Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
- Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
- Include in-text citations in your response
- Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
- Follow APA-7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
- Follow APA 7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
- Here are some helpful links
- The is a great resource
Team B
General Neurologic Dysfunction
- In some neurologic disorders, postsynaptic membrane permeability is increased. Does this make the neuron more easily stimulated or less excitable? Using pathophysiology, explain why.
- Cholinergic drugs are often used to help correct neurologic pathologic processes. Briefly describe where a cholinergic drug acts and how it affects the postsynaptic receptors. Give two examples of its possible effects on function.
- Describe two possible areas of CNS damage that might cause flaccid paralysis. What signs and symptoms would a patient with this condition exhibit?
- There are many different conditions that can cause increased intracranial pressure (ICP); identify two. What are the early signs and symptoms of increased ICP? What will you look for in a patient to help determine if they have increased ICP?
- Describe how vital signs change from early increased ICP to later stages.
- Which is more critical: a lesion in the brainstem or in the cerebral hemisphere? Using pathophysiology, explain why.
Replies
Select posts from two peers that addressed a case study from a different team than you. For example, students from Team A reply to one post from Team B and one post from Team C. Each reply must use at least one scholarly reference other than your textbook.
Thinking about your population-specific NP track and anticipated practice area:
- Describe a patient you might encounter where you could apply the information learned in your peer’s post.
- What “signs” and “symptoms” would you expect this patient to exhibit? Identify at least four, describe the finding, and classify each as subjective or objective data.
Please refer to the for details on how this activity will be graded.
Posting to the Discussion Forum
- Select Add a new discussion topic.
- Type your topic in the subject line.
- Create your post.
- Select Post to Forum.
General Neurologic Dysfunction
1. In some neurologic disorders, postsynaptic membrane permeability is increased. Does this make the neuron more easily stimulated or less excitable? Using pathophysiology, explain why.
“The postsynaptic membrane is the membrane that receives a signal (binds neurotransmitter) from the presynaptic cell and responds via depolarization or hyperpolarization” (Uniprot, n.d.). When the postsynaptic membrane permeability increases, sodium ions flow into the cell space, thus depolarizing it with a degenerating action potential (VanMeter & Hubert 2018 p.334). This makes neurons more easily stimulated and excitable.
2. Cholinergic drugs are often used to help correct neurologic pathologic processes. Briefly describe where a cholinergic drug acts and how it affects the postsynaptic receptors. Give two examples of its possible effects on function.
Cholinergic medications are drugs that “act upon the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter within the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)” (Pakala Brown & Preuss 2021). These kinds of medications fall into two different categories direct acting in indirect-acting cholinergic drugs. Direct-acting cholinergic drugs work by binding to and activating the muscarinic receptors (Pakala Brown & Preuss 2021). At the same time, indirect cholinergic drugs increase the availability of acetylcholine at the cholinergic receptors (Pakala Brown & Preuss 2021). One example of the cholinergic drug effect is in ophthalmology, where Carbachol induces miosis to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2021). Carbachol mimics the effect of acetylcholine on both the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2021). Another example of a cholinergic drug is Bethanechol, which is used in urology cases. Bethanechol is used to treat non-obstructive urinary retention (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2021). The drug is a muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2021).
3. Describe two possible areas of CNS damage that might cause flaccid paralysis. What signs and symptoms would a patient with this condition exhibit?
There are many possible areas of the central nervous system when damage can cause flaccid paralysis. “Damage to the upper motor neurons in the posterior zone of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex or the corticospinal tracts in the brain inferences with voluntary movement, which can cause paralysis on the opposite side of the body” (VanMeter & Hubert 2018 p.339). Another area that can cause flaccid paralysis is anterior spinal artery syndrome, in which the anterior spinal artery is blocked (BrainandSpinalCord.org, 2021). Some signs and symptoms of flaccid paralysis are a progression of paralysis, onset of fever, diminished muscle tone, sensory loss, cramps, or tingling of palms and soles of the feet, bladder dysfunction, and respiratory insufficiency (BrainandSpinalCord.org, 2021).
4. Many different conditions can cause increased intracranial pressure (ICP); identify two. What are the early signs and symptoms of increased ICP? What will you look for in a patient to help determine if they have increased ICP?
Two causes of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) could be a brain hemorrhage and cerebral edema. Some early signs and symptoms include severe headache, vomiting, papilledema. By assessing their pupils and vital signs, you can determine if somebody has increased intracranial pressure with the additional symptoms of a severe headache and vomiting. When looking through the eye’s pupil at the retina with the optical nerve, there is swelling of the part of the optic nerve inside the eye (optic disc) (NIH, 2016).
5. Describe how vital signs change from early increased ICP to later stages.
Systematic blood pressure rises and slows heart rate during the early stages of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) (VanMeter & Hubert 2018 p.342). Some later vital sign changes of ICP are a decrease in blood pressure, decrease in heart rate, decrease in respiratory rate (VanMeter & Hubert 2018 p.343). Moreover, ICP continues severe ischemia in neurological death prevent circulation control which results in the decrease in blood pressure and decreasing heart rate (VanMeter & Hubert 2018 p.343).
6. Which is more critical: a lesion in the brainstem or the cerebral hemisphere? Using pathophysiology, explain why.
A lesion on the brainstem is more critical as it may affect motor and sensory fibers resulting in widespread impairment (VanMeter & Hubert 2018 p.338). This is called an infratentorial lesion. The brainstem is a bundle of nerves, and this can affect “respiratory and circulatory function in the level of consciousness may be impaired by a small lesion in this area” (VanMeter & Hubert 2018 p.338).
References
BrainandSpinalCord.org. (2021). Flaccid Paralysis. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from https://www.brainandspinalcord.org/flaccid-paralysis/
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID
5831, Carbachol. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from .
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID
2370, Bethanechol. Retrieved October 25, 2021 from .
NIH. (2016). Papilledema | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program. Nih.Gov. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7318/papilledema
Pakala RS, Brown KN, Preuss CV. Cholinergic Medications. [Updated 2021 Aug 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538163/
Uniprot. (n.d.). Postsynaptic cell membrane. Uniprot.Org. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from https://www.uniprot.org/keywords/628
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2018). Gould’s pathophysiology for the health professions. (6th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
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