Assignment: Biology Propagation and Preservation Coconut Question

Assignment: Biology Propagation and Preservation Coconut Question

The natural world is covered by populations of many different kinds of
plants that have evolved over eons of time. We identify these as species,
although there are other divisions that will be described in this text.
These populations can more or less maintain themselves from generation
to generation because of their natural genetic characteristics. If not, they
evolve into other variants or become extinct.
In agriculture and horticulture, on the other hand, propagators
primarily deal with special kinds of plants, which are defined as cultivars
(varieties) (9). We buy ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes and ‘Elberta’ peaches
for our table, grow ‘Queen Elizabeth’ roses and ‘Bradford’ pear trees in
our landscape, and plant ‘Hybrid Yellow Granex’ onion seed and
‘Marquis’ wheat in our fields. All of these represent populations of plants
that are unique and only exist in cultivation. These plants would likely
change drastically, or disappear altogether, if not maintained by genetic
selection during propagation. Chapters 19, 20, and 21 describe the range
of cultivated plants and their propagation.
Plant propagation and plant breeding both involve genetic selection. The role of the plant breeder is to recreate patterns of genetic variation in its many forms from which to select new kinds of plants useful to
humans. The role of the plant propagator, on the other hand, is to multiply these selected cultivars and to do it in such a manner as to maintain the
genetic characteristics of the original population. To do both requires an
understanding of genetic principles and procedures.
BIOLOGICAL LIFE CYCLES IN PLANTS
Plant Life Cycles
In natural systems, plant life cycles can be described based on their life
span and reproductive pattern. Therefore, they are referred to as annuals,
biennials, or perennials:

1. Annuals are plants that complete the entire sequence from
germination to seed dissemination and death in one growing season. Technically, annuals are monocarpic, meaning
that they die after reproducing. However, “annuals” also
refers to plants that may be perennial in mild climates but
are not winter hardy, and so die after the first growing season due to cold temperatures.
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2. Biennials are plants that require two growing seasons to complete their life cycle. During the first
year, the plants are vegetative and grow as low
clumps or a rosette of leaves. These plants usually
need a period of cold weather for vernalization of
the shoot meristem before they can become reproductive. During the second season, biennial plants
bolt, producing a fast-growing flowering spike,
flower, produce seeds, and then die. Although the
terminology is confusing, winter annuals fit into
this category. Seeds germinate in late summer,
forming a seedling with numerous rosette leaves
that hug the ground. After winter vernalization,
the meristem bolts, flowers, sets seeds, and dies
before summer (less than 12 months).
3. Perennials are plants that live for more than 2 years
and repeat the vegetative-reproductive cycle annually. Perennial cycles tend to be related to seasonal
cycles of warm-cold (temperature climates) or wetdry periods (tropical climates). Both herbaceous
and woody plants can be perennial:
a. Herbaceous perennials produce shoots that
grow during one season and die back during the
winter or periods of drought. It may take herbaceous perennials several growing cycles before
they become reproductive, and they may not
flower every year, depending on the plant’s accumulation of resources during the growing cycle.
Plants survive during adverse conditions as specialized underground structures with roots and
crown that remain perennial. Geophytes (bulbs,
corms, rhizomes, tubers; see Chapters 15) are
included in this group.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• The is a great resource