NUR4636 Community Health Discussion Questions

Running head: COMMUNITY 1 Lisandra Alejo Florida National University Nursing Department BSN Program NUR 4636 – Community Health Nursing Prof. Eddie Cruz, RN MSN October 2nd, 2019 COMMUNITY 2 1. Mention and discuss the principles related to the occurrence and transmission of infection and infectious diseases. An infection can be caused by any of the following pathogens: parasites, bacteria, viruses or fungi. Fungi cause most skin diseases such as athlete’s foot or ringworms and at times, infect internal organs such as lungs. Bacteria produce toxins that poison the cells; they cause diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, or even tuberculosis. A virus is smaller than bacteria, and they produce minor illnesses such as common colds and flu to more serious ailments such as AIDS. We met these pathogens every day, but our body’s immune system stops them from becoming diseases. The pathogen infects the body with viruses if they enter the body and infect it (Berngruber, Lio, & Gandon, 2015). One can be infected with these infectious diseases in two ways. One way of infection is direct transmission; this is infection by a person who has the virus through body fluids such as blood and semen. The second way of disease is an indirect transmission, spread by using equipment that may have infected blood on them. 2. Describe and discuss the three focus areas in healthy people 2020 objectives that apply to infectious diseases. NUR4636 Community Health Discussion Questions

Three focus areas of healthy people 2020 concerning infectious disease are reduced, eliminate and maintain elimination of preventable infectious diseases (Woodard, et al., 2018). Reducing of contagious diseases will be achieved by technology advancements. COMMUNITY 3 The public health centers and non-governmental institutions for health are working hand in hand in trying to control the spread of infectious disease. Public awareness of these diseases, how they spread, and the treatments are a fundamental element in the reduction of the range of these diseases. Elimination of infectious diseases is achieved by immunization against them. About 45000 people, including children, die each year from vaccine-preventable diseases (Giesecke, 2017). Vaccination will see the reduction of such many deaths among people. Maintaining the elimination of infectious diseases will help save future generations from deaths caused by vaccine-preventable conditions. Maintenance of the exclusion can be done using a proper vaccine, screening and testing guidelines, and the use of antibiotics. 3. Define and discuss the definition of infectious and communicable diseases and give and explain 2 examples of each. Infectious disease Infectious diseases are those that are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Infection occurs when one of these pathogens invade the body and infect cells to cause diseases. Transmission of these infectious diseases can be from human to human through body fluids, through insects or animal bites and even through food contamination. An example of an infectious disease is AIDS which is caused by a virus. AIDS is transmitted through body fluids transferred through sexual intercourse or sharing or sharp objects with an infected person. A common cold is another example of COMMUNITY 4 an infectious disease which is also caused by a virus. Common cold can be transferred from one person to another through the air if a sick person coughs or sneezes and a healthy person breathes in the air. Communicable disease A communicable disease is one that can be transferred from one person to another directly, either sexual intercourse, skin contact, insect bites, and more (Giesecke, 2017). NUR4636 Community Health Discussion Questions

Examples of communicable diseases include the flu, which is transferred the same way the common cold is. The transfer of infection is through coughing and sneezing into the air, and a healthy person inhales the infected air and becoming infected with the flu. Another example of a communicable disease is rabies, which infects human beings from infected animals through a bite, licks, or scratches. 4. Describe and discuss the legal responsibility for the control of communicable diseases in the United States. The Secretary to the Department of Health has the responsibility to prevent the spread and transmission of infectious diseases. The secretary delegates these responsibilities to the division of migration and quarantine. The division prevents the spread by setting standards for medical examinations for people looking to get into the united states, setting quarantine stations at points of entry into the country and finally administering COMMUNITY 5 international and interstate quarantine regulations. The regulations control the foreign and domestic movement of animals, people, and cargo. COMMUNITY 6 Referencias Berngruber, T. W., Lio, S., & Gandon, S. (2015). Spatial structure, transmission modes and the evolution of viral exploitation strategies. PLoS Pthogens. Giesecke, J. (2017). Modern infectious disease epidemiology. CRC Press. Woodard, L. J., Kahaleh, A., Nash, J. D., Truong, H., Gogineni, H., & Barbosa-Leiker, C. (2018). . Healthy People 2020: assessment of pharmacists’ priorities. Public Healt. Running head week 5 discussion 1 Name: Nirio Arencibia Florida National University Nursing Department BSN Program NUR 4636 – Community Health Nursing Prof. Eddie Cruz, RN MSN October 2 nd , 2019 Running head week 5 discussion 2 Question1 Sicknesses are among the most testing issues confronting networks today, particularly when they are irresistible infections. They increment death rates inside the society by implication. A few standards identify with the event just as transmission of the contamination, which incorporate the irresistible operator, have, and the entryway of exit. The irresistible specialists are miniaturized scale living beings with the ability of bearing a sickness. Each small scale living being in charge of causing sicknesses flourishes under three impacting factors. These are creature’s destructiveness alluding to the life form’s capacity to develop in number (Johnson, Jones, Heil, Stover, & Bland, 2019). The subsequent trademark is obtrusiveness which is the capacity of a small scale life form to assault the objective body tissue. Ultimately is the idea of pathogenicity, which is the capacity of the small scale life form to cause sickness. Basic instances of irresistible operators incorporate growths, parasites, microscopic organisms, and infections. The standard of host alludes to the tissue or living animal where the miniaturized scale life form lives and duplicates in number. These incorporate individuals and other creatures, particularly well evolved creatures. Last is the entrance of existing which alludes to the instrument the pathogen leaves the host. Irresistible infections are a test for a network and can bring about noteworthy obliteration if no control measures occur. Question 2 Running head week 5 discussion 3 The American government plans to guarantee that it assumes responsibility for all diseases planning to improve the country’s wellbeing status. Accordingly, there was the foundation of the sound individuals 2020 activity. NUR4636 Community Health Discussion Questions

It traces the network objectives towards accomplishing quality wellbeing for its natives. The exertion accompanies the main wellbeing pointers and contains more than 1 000 objectives and goals. It likewise traces goals plans for wellbeing issues confronting the network. A few center territories take a gander at how the branch of open wellbeing can manage irresistible sicknesses confronting the city. First is the flare-up of infectious maladies, for example, Hepatitis An inside the US (HealthyPeople2020, 2018). The activity gives subtleties of individuals prone to endure the contamination, and how the network can manage the difficulties. The activity additionally teaches on quality maternal and childcare for pregnant moms and newborn children. It looks to control maladies that assault babies at a youthful age and those simple to spread from the mother to the kid. Ultimately is the simplicity of getting to restorative administrations for all patients, both those with wellbeing spread protection and the individuals who utilize normal social insurance plans. That guarantees all clients get to medicinal care without numerous battles. Question 3 Irresistible maladies are diseases that emerge because of the development of small scale living beings, for example, microscopic organisms, growths, parasites, and infections inside a tissue. In the event that these diseases are straightforwardness transmitting starting with one individual then onto the next either through direct or aberrant contact, the ailments are definitively transmittable (Gallego, Berberian, Siu, Running head week 5 discussion 4 Verbanaz, & Lloveras, 2019). Traditional methods for transmission incorporate creepy crawly and parasite chomps, and the utilization of tainted nourishment or water. The spreading operators comprise of parasites, infections, microscopic organisms, and growths. Note that, the vast majority of these specialists are anything but difficult to convey utilizing our respiratory tract framework, including the mouth and nose. Whenever a few spits, hacks, or sniffles, it is conceivable to have the microscopic organisms spread. Magnificent models of such diseases incorporate hepatitis A, flu, and tuberculosis, among others. These diseases are additionally simple to transmit through body contact. The STDs are likewise part of the irresistible infections. Question 4 The US government must control the flare-up and spread of infectious ailments. NUR4636 Community Health Discussion Questions

The initial step is avoiding potential risk along the country’s limits. That is the motivation behind why there are the isolate station tasks that capacity alongside the ports. They do a wellbeing registration for all people entering the country to guarantee they have no indications of any irresistible ailments. The Us Medical models for the outsiders going into the nation likewise help in controlling flare-ups of infectious ailments in the country. Inquires about demonstrate that 95% of measles flare-ups in New York City accompany travelers from Israel, Ukraine, or the Philippines. There is additionally the local law that controls individuals, creatures’ and freight developments all through one state to the next. It likewise applies to worldwide voyagers, not meaning Running head week 5 discussion to debilitate their fantasy to live in the US however keep up the native’s wellbeing security. Every one of the laws help to keep up a sound situation for its nationals. 5 Running head week 5 discussion 6 References Gallego, V., Berberian, G., Siu, H., Verbanaz, S., & Lloveras, S. (2019). The 2019 PanAmerican games: Communicable disease risks and travel medicine advice for visitors to Peru – Recommendations from the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI). Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, , 30, 19-24. HealthyPeople2020. (2018). Healthy People 2020. American Journal of Kidney Diseases , 71 (2), s611-s642. Johnson, M. A., Jones, B. M., Heil, E. L., Stover, K. R., & Bland, C. M. (2019). Self- perceived knowledge and confidence regarding infectious diseases of advanced …