Healthcare Staff Wellbeing Burnout and Patient Safety Literature review

How to Write a Literature Review May School of Nursing and Health Sciences RN-BSN Program NUR352E Learning Objectives • Finding your resources • Relating your research to your problem and population • Check to see whether the research is “good research” • Writing your literature review Finding your Resources • Use different nursing databases to find articles. • Focus on keywords, Boolean search terms (and/or/not) and fields (author, document text, subject) • Make sure that references are peer-reviewed and are current (within the last 5 years) • Websites do not count as scholarly articles! • Use the references at the end of textbooks and other research articles (make sure that they are scholarly articles and within the last five years). Hierarchy of Evidence Quantitative • Quantitative Hierarchy of Evidence moves from Expert Opinion (no active study), to Systematic Reviews of multiple studies. • If you are working on a problem that lends itself to quantitative methodologies, look for higher levels of evidence as there is comparison of research against others. • The higher the level of the quantitative evidence pyramid, the reader is able to see where the field of study has been and how studies are or are not related. Hierarchy of Evidence Qualitative • Like the Quantitative Hierarchy of Evidence, the Qualitative Hierarchy of Evidence moves from a single group study to examining whether the nursing research can be applied to a larger group. • You can use qualitative studies as part of your literature review to help you understand the “lived experience” (phenomenological) of the stakeholders/population you are using in your study. Relating Research to Problem and Population • Regardless of whether the research is quantitative or qualitative, look at the populations involved in the research. • Examine whether research variables meet the same criteria as your population. • Determine whether interventions used in the literature were culturally appropriate for your population group. • Can you take the literature research and apply into your setting with your population (generalizability). Is this “Good Research”? • Not all research is good research. • Look at the methods used in the research, whether there were biases introduced by the researcher(s) or population, and what the researcher(s) identified as the limitations of the study. • Was the research “sound”? Did the researcher(s) have a good premise for the problem statement and purpose of the research, or was this research wandering around aimlessly? • After the research concluded, were there more questions raised than answers provided? Writing the Literature Review So You Have All This Information….. Now What?? • Organize your research material by subject matter. Note what researchers may disagree with each other – you want to present different sides of the same picture. • Create an outline of your research results. Make sure that you are only putting in research that you believe is sound and valid. • Are there common themes throughout the research you have located? Have specific evidence-based nursing practices become evident through your review of the literature? • Is there generalizability of the research/expert opinion results with your population and setting? • Look at the grading rubric to see what is expected in your literature review. • Make sure that you keep the literature review focused on what you can apply to YOUR population and setting. Conclusion • As you prepare to start your literature review, think carefully about what is the problem you are examining in the scholarly literature. • As you are reading the scholarly literature, think about whether the research results are applicable to the population you are interested in for your intervention. • Organize your research materials so that you can put your thoughts together. • Determine when you are going to stop researching and start writing! ©TDarnall 2016 Recommended Sources about Evidence-Based Practice You are able to access these resources without any cost. Clinical Practice Guidelines • • • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/index.html Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) http://www.ranao.ca/bpg Royal College of Nursing http://www.rcn.org.uk/development/practice/clinicalguidelines Systematic Reviews and Other Synopses/Synthesis of Evidence • • • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/index.html PubMed Clinical Queries http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews http://www.cochranelibrary.com/ Subject Specific Databases for Nursing Evidence-Based Practice This list provides you information on available databases where you will find nursing specific journals. When referencing articles that you find from these databases, please make sure you are NOT referencing the database – instead you must reference the journal website or journal publisher website. CINAHL HIV InSite ProQuest Health and Medical Complete ProQuest Health Management ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source PubMed Google Scholar You can gain access to CINAHL through the LibGuide tab in the classroom. Click on the “Find Articles” tab and look to the far right of the page for the CINAHL search box. You can gain access to HIV Insight through NCLive You can gain access to this database through NCLive You can gain access to this database though NCLive CINAHL is the premier database covering the areas of nursing and allied health. Online coverage is fairly comprehensive. Up-to-date information on HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and policy. Includes information on HIVE in other areas of the world. Clinical research plus consumer and health administration titles. Research supporting professional healthcare management, and healthcare administration You can gain access to this Journals and dissertations covering nursing, database through NCLive allied health, and alternative and complementary medicine You can gain access to this Comprehensive resource containing database through NCLive citations (not full articles) to biomedical articles and life science journals. http://www.scholar.google.com Google Scholar allows you to sue the familiarity of Google to search the Internet in an interdisciplinary way. Citation results are scholarly in nature and direct you to full content if it is available on the Internet. …