NRSE 3700J Writing for Nursing HIV & AIDS Health Issues in Thailand Essay

NRSE 3700J: WRITING FOR NURSING – INFORMATIVE & PERSUASIVE PAPER RUBRIC FOR M7-A1 Rubric: Informative and Persuasive Paper Remember to use the information in the columns to meet the criteria for the assignment. Area Evaluated 40 points possible Informational content 14 points Accomplished Proficient Needs Work Unacceptable *Intro, body, & conclusion logically & clearly linked *Addresses the health issue & target population impacted in a clear argument *Identifies (a) importance of health issue & (b) consequences of not addressing it & (c) influence of social determinants *Information well supported *Presence of intro, body & conclusion but links not clear *Health issue & target population addressed but one of the two is not clearly explained *Did not identify importance of health issue OR consequences of not addressing issue OR influence of social determinants OR had missing pieces of one or more elements *God choice of supporting articles but not clearly Incorporated *Ideas are presented randomly with unclear or illogical transitions *Health issue OR target population not included; weak argument for the item included *Missing two (2) or of the elements (a), (b), or (c) Support for information not easily discerned *Organization is lacking, ideas bounce around with few or no transitions 4 – 7 points *Supporting material inadequate 12 – 14 points Persuasiveness 14 points *Logical explanation of appropriate interventions *Clear connection between social determinants, health issue & interventions *Clear & strong argument for stated position & interventions 12 – 14 points 8 – 11 points *Explains interventions but appropriateness not clearly stated *Discusses social determinants but link to issue & interventions not completely clear *Provides moderately strong argument for position 8 – 11 points *No clear argument presented for either the health issue or the target population NRSE 3700J Writing for Nursing HIV & AIDS Health Issues in Thailand Essay

*Missing more than two (2) of the elements (a), (b), or (c) 0- 3 points *States interventions but reader must work to learn in what ways interventions are appropriate *Identifies social determinants but importance to issue or interventions is not clear *Argument for intervention is weak; minimal support provided for position *No interventions specified &/or no explanation of how interventions are appropriate *Connection of social determinants to issue OR to interventions is not made *No points relevant to an argument mentioned; no argument developed little or no link to relevant literature 0 – 3 points MUGS 6 points *Writing demonstrates clarity, transitions between ideas easy to follow *Meets all length and formatting requirements Last updated: 08/21/2020 *Writing is concise; transition of some ideas difficult to follow *No more than one (1) error in length or formatting 4 – 7 points *Writing wanders; difficult to follow most ideas *More than two (2) errors in length or formatting © 2020 School of Nursing Ohio University *Writing is muddled, ideas are not presented in any discernible order. * Multiple errors in length or formatting Page 1 of 2 NRSE 3700J: WRITING FOR NURSING – INFORMATIVE & PERSUASIVE PAPER RUBRIC FOR M7-A1 * No spelling or grammatical errors 6 points APA/References 6 points *No more than two (2) spelling or grammatical errors 4 – 5 points *No more than one errors *Uses at least five (5) current professional sources. * All websites used are authoritative *No more than two to three errors *Uses at least four (4) current professional sources *Includes some questionable websites 6 points 4 – 5 points Last updated: 08/21/2020 *No more than three (3) spelling or grammatical errors 2 – 3 points *No more than four errors *Uses fewer than four (4) sources. *Heavy reliance on blogs & organizational websites 2 – 3 points © 2020 School of Nursing Ohio University *Four (4) or more spelling or grammatical errors 0 – 1 point *Five or more errors *Uses fewer than three (3) sources or sources are outdated *Almost exclusive reliance on blogs & organizational websites 0 – 1 point Page 2 of 2 1 HIV/AIDs in Thailand – Outline Robin LeValley School of Nursing, Ohio University NRSE 3700J-1009 – Writing for Nursing Professor Kathleen Rose-Grippa September 20, 2020 2 I. INTRODUCTION 1. HIV/AIDS epidemic holds significant historical health effects in Thailand. 2. Epidemiological impacts have been called for various studies since the late 1980s to date. a. Incidences 1.1 About 231 712 HIV/AIDS cases had been reported in 22004 January (UNAIDS/WHO 2004). 1.2 A large percentage was occupied by people of the age group (2029) years at 80%. 1.3 The virus is highly spread mainly due to drug injection and unprotected sex. b. Mortality 1.1.HIV /AIDS case prevailed at it’s in the mid-nineties but has continuously declined to date. 1.2.Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) has significantly reduced aids cases. 1.3.HIV/AIDs related deaths declined by 32% in 2018. 3. Risky sexual behavior patterns. a. Homosexuality 1.1. Among men, HIV/AIDS is rampant between the age group of (1549) years and associated with no protection. b. Heterosexual behavior among women 1.1 Female sex workers are high and associated with no protection. 4. The current status of HIV/AIDS in the country still call for advocacy action due to high morbidity cases. a. Poor health care system/services. 1.1.The infected population is at risk due to a lack of knowledge about the disease. b. Lack of education and public information among the youth as the leading cause of contraction. c. Today, HIV prevention programs have a minimized prevalence rate of 59 %. d. 5400 people tested positive in 2019 due to combined causes (unprotected sex at 90%, unsafe injections being the second-largest method of transmission). Thesis: Efforts to combat HIV/AIDS health-related issues in Thailand could significantly diminish chances to contain it by 2030 as planned by the Government. A. HIV/AIDs situation in Thailand 1. The disease in question is HIV/AIDs. a. Thailand records the highest number of HIV/AIDs cases in Asia and the pacific. 3 2. Most affected population. a. General statistics 1.1.470 000 people living with HIV/AIDS as in 2019 1.2.5,400 new infections reported in the same yeah. 1.3.66% of the total population are children. b. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are rated between 12%-15%. c. Sex workers are among both men and women is approximately 1.7% among females and 4% among men. 3. Importance of the health issue. a. Check on the accomplishment of Universal health coverage and primary health care mission in Thailand. b. Aiming at educating healthy and infected people. 4. NRSE 3700J Writing for Nursing HIV & AIDS Health Issues in Thailand Essay

Failure to address HIV/AIDs health issue in Thailand a. Women and HIV/AIDS concerns b. Poor/Low reproductive health c. The high mortality rate due to ignorance among the youth. 5.Social determinants of HIV/AIDS a. Educational attainment. 1.1.Women and children are most affected due to a lack of education. b. Social roles. 1.1.Family planning decision making is low towards women than men. c. Gender and domestic violence 1.1. Young girls and women are most vulnerable to rape and sexual violence cases B. COMPARISON TO UNITED STATES 1. Statistics of the affected as categorized in different groups and impacts categories. a. Incidence 1.1.About 1.2 million people are living with the virus. 1.2.By group age. The highest infected persons are between age (25-34) and followed by the age group (35-44). 1.3.Ethical/ Racial. By 2018, there was a decrease in the number affected across races. 1.3.1. African Americans were at 45.4 %, Hispanic at 22.4%, and multiple races at 19.3%. 1.4. By sex. Males rate at 22.1% while women are at 4.8%. 4 2. People impacted by HIV/AIDs in the U.S. 1.1. Gay and bisexual males across all races. 1.1.1. About 61% of men are severely and desperately affected. 1.2. African Americans 1.2.1. They happen to be the most affected as accounted for by about 44%. 1.3. Latinos. 1.3.1. Disproportionately affected and stand at about 16%. 3.State of HIV/AIDS in the U.S. a. HIV/AIDs is a bid challenge in the U.S. today. 1.1.Despite advances in prevention and treatment, the number still grows to date. 1.2.The pandemic has affected main sectors, such as economic sectors. 4.Differences and similarities between HIV /AIDs status between Thailand and the U.S. a. Similarities. 1.1.Male to male sexual contact is on a high alarm and leading cause of HIV/AIDs transmission. b. Differences 1.1.The disease is highly contained in the U.S. than in Thailand due to advanced technology and education among citizens. 5. Social determinants of HIV/AIDs infection in the U.S. a. Social determinants of health (SDH) cuts across both social and economic issues in the U.S. context. 1.1 Health disparities. 1.2 Not all people in the United States access health services entirely. b. Social-economic status. 1.1.The poor or people with low income depend on traditional approaches to disease prevention and control. 6. Existence of HIV/AIDs and related issues in the U.S. a. HIV/AIDs is among the deadly diseases in the United States today. b. Emerging issue. 1.1 Public perception about HIV/AIDs is taken so seriously as a deadly disease. 5 C. INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS THE HIV/AIDS The society and Government can work together to identify beneficial ways of intervening the spread of HIV/AIDs 1. Behavior change interventions a. Societal factors that discourage high-risk behavior. 2. The proposition of behavior change approaches. b. I would propose changes in both countries. This is due to daily infections despite improved health care intervention. 3. Relationship between proposed intervention and social determinants of HIV/AIDs. a. Guiding and Counseling for behavior change. 1.a.1. Guiding and concealing at school changes the youth’s perception of life. 1.a.2. Encourages focus on factors to improve life other than drugs and sexual behavior 4. Workability of the intervention a. As a medic, I have executed previous guiding and counseling programs for school children, and some have shown positive self-control results. b. Guiding and Counseling focuses on addressing the psychological urges of the people living with HIV/AIDs and help them realize the need for abstinence. 5. Combination of education with guiding and counseling as intervention programs. a. Both are informative and powerful in changing the minds of the youth and the infected people. II. CONCLUSION 1. HIV/AIDs can be controlled at great heights a. Taking caution. People should take notice of the health implications outlined by medical experts. 2. Adhering to the pre-infection guidelines available. 6 References Avert, (2020). HIV AND AIDS IN THAILAND. Global information and education on HIV and AIDS. https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/asia- pacific/Thailand Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016) Social determinants of health among adults with diagnosed HIV infection. Part B: County-level social determinants of health and selected care outcomes among adults with diagnosed HIV infection—39 states and the District of Columbia. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2018;23(No. 6, pt B). https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillancesupplemental- report-vol-23-6.pdf Centre for Disease Control (2020). Populations at Greatest Risk. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/hip/risk.html Kanitsorn S, Kenji S, Taichi O, Tesshu Kc, Kc & Naoyuki K. (2019). Policy and practice. Universal health coverage and primary care, Thailand. https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/97/6/18-223693/en/ Neelam, S.J. (2015). Counseling for HIV / AIDS. In book: HIV/AIDS in India, a Public Health Approach on Contemporary Trends (pp.19). Chapter: 14. GLOBAL VISION PUBLISHING HOUSE. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296699722_Counseling_for_HIV_AIDS Thailand Working Group on HIV/AIDS Projection. (, 2015). AIDS Epidemic Model Projection for HIV/AIDS in Thailand 2010 -2030 Summary Report. https://www.aidsdatahub.org/sites/default/files/resource/projection-hiv-aids-thailand2010- 2030.pdf Thailand National AIDS Committee (2014). NRSE 3700J Writing for Nursing HIV & AIDS Health Issues in Thailand Essay

Thailand National Operational Plan Accelerating Ending AIDS 2015-2019. National AIDS Management Center, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health https://www.aidsdatahub.org/sites/default/files/resource/thailand-national-operationalplan- accelerating-ending-aids-2015-2019.pdf US statistics, (2020). Fast facts. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and- trends/statistics U.S. Public Health Service (2017). Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection prevention in the United States – 2017 Update: A clinical practice guideline [Internet]. Atlanta (G.A.): I selected Thailand as the country to discuss three major healthcare issues that exist. Selecting Thailand will further educate myself more about their country in general, along with their healthcare issues. I think it will be interesting to learn more about Thailand throughout this assignment over the next several weeks. I also find it interesting the average income in Thailand to only be $15,646 and a life expectancy of seventy-two to seventy-nine years old (“Thailand,” 2017). The three major healthcare issues I chose for Thailand are HIV/AIDS, stroke and tuberculosis. These healthcare issues were listed among their top causes for death. HIV/AIDS are a concern in Thailand due to the fact of a lack of education on prevention programs throughout the country. With the population of men having unsafe sex with men and/or multipartner sex are not aware of the risk for HIV/AIDS (“HIV and AIDS in Thailand,” 2020). Tuberculosis is my second healthcare issue and it is a high health concern in Thailand due to the level of poverty. My third healthcare issue in Thailand is a stroke and this is an issue in Thailand mostly due to hypertension and the type of diet the population has in Thailand. This is also mostly related to Thailand being poverty stricken. The one healthcare issue I chose for my informative and persuasive paper will be HIV/AIDS. I chose this issue over the others because I found it interesting to see the progress Thailand made as the first country to be able to abolish transmission of HIV of mother-to-child (“Eliminating mother to child transmission of HIV and syphilis,” n.d.). References Eliminating mother to child transmission of HIV and syphilis. (n.d.). WHO | World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/eliminating-mother-to-childtransmission-of-hiv-and-syphilis HIV and AIDS in Thailand. (2020, February 20). Avert. https://www.avert.org/professionals/hivaround-world/asia-pacific/thailand Thailand. (2017, September 20). Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. https://www.healthdata.org/thailand From: Robin LeValley, RN To: johndoe@hospital.edu Subject: Social determinants of health in Thailand Dear Dr. Doe: I am looking forward to working with you on the project addressing the ongoing sex trafficking issue in Thailand. One important topic I would like to discuss in social determinants of health and the influence they have on the people living in Thailand. Social determinants of health (SDOH) can have a large impact on whether our project to combat sex trafficking in Thailand will be successful. Social determinants of health are environment conditions in which people live, work, along with the life choices they make. One item that influences individual’s health is the high prevalence of sex trafficking that takes place in Thailand. Women and children experience physical and verbal abuse, illegal substance abuse, and also suffer sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS and are forced to live in poor housing (“HIV and AIDS in Thailand,” 2020). This creates a serious problem and must be addressed in order to improve the mental health for these women. One of our goals is to educate the people of Thailand about the topic of sex trafficking, it is important to understand their education level. In an effort to improve the sex trafficking issue in Thailand, we will need to improve housing and living situations; provide support and resources on income earnings and to allow women feel save to have power. Last but not least, the actions plans will need to continuously be monitored and measured for success on improvement (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2017). References HIV and AIDS in Thailand. (2020, February 20). Avert. https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/asia-pacific/thailand (2017, August). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/documents/southeastasiaandpacific/Publications/2017/Tr afficking_in_persons_to_Thailand_report.pdf Ohio University Grover E 358 Athens, OH 45701 09/01/2020 Creating Space for Life Mary Phillips, Executive Director 5555 Fifty-first Street Plain City, NJ 01012 Dear Dr. Phillips: My name is Robin LeValley and I am a nurse working in one of the top ranked hospitals in Columbus, Ohio. I am also pursuing my BSN degree with Ohio University and I am working on an assignment regarding a disease and healthcare related issue in Thailand. I am very thankful the NGO has funded $75,000 to Thailand for disease prevention, however there has not been any further funding in the past three years. The purpose of my letter is to request support from your organization to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Thailand. Thailand has done an outstanding job decreasing the number of HIV/AIDS cases. Thailand was also named the first country that successfully eliminated mother-to-child transmissions of HIV and syphilis (“HIV and AIDS in Thailand,” 2020). NRSE 3700J Writing for Nursing HIV & AIDS Health Issues in Thailand Essay

However, Thailand’s goal to end AIDS by 2030 could significantly increase the mortality rate prior to reaching their goal. It will be important to target the larger poverty and younger population in order to achieve the goal to end AIDS. It will be equally important to have the funds available to educate the people of Thailand about the risk of HIV/AIDS along with educating the population about the resources available for testing. According to UNAIDS, there are 470,000 adults aged 15 and over living with HIV and 3,300 children ranging age from 0-14 (“Thailand,” 2019). Dr. Phillips, with your experience running a large hospital, in addition to your educational background, I am sure you understand the importance of educating patients to improve health concerns. Also, with your experience holding an executive director position for a large hospital in the past, you understand the importance of having financial stability. It is equally important to have access to the finances needed to provide the support to conquer this healthcare issue in Thailand. It is imperative to have tools available to provide the needed education and resources in order to achieve our goals successfully before too many lives are lost related to this health issue. Although Thailand did an outstanding job eradicating transmission of HIV and syphilis from mother-to-child, the education needs to continue, as the children become young adults. Thailand is known to have the highest teen pregnancy, therefore, it has been determined 90% of the HIV population is having unsafe sex (“HIV and AIDS in Thailand,” 2020). Also, the higher poverty areas need to be the starting ground for this support and education plan, because that is the fastest growing population being affected. Last but not least, Even though Thailand was successful being the first country to eliminate mother-to-child transmissions, we need to proceed sparing more lives and tackle HIV/AIDS. This will be done with more education, treatment availability, and more testing cites, rather than waiting for 2030 as a goal. I kindly thank you for your time and look forward to your support and donation helping to conquer this healthcare issue in Thailand. Respectfully, Robin LeValley References HIV and AIDS in Thailand. (2020, February 20).