Discussion: Cell Molecular

Bio 103 (S21)DE- DQ6 Betancourt DISCUSSION ASSIGNMENT #6: Lecture 10 (mostly), overview 11-13 User-friendly (IMO) resources Here’s a fantastic overview and should be used as a resource for lectures 10-13. There are self-check quizzes, short webpage articles and videos (copy/paste link into browser if direct link doesn’t work) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation Bioninja is great too. In addition to info for this table, it ​also compares/contrasts anaerobic mechanisms of metabolism too (which we will cover in a couple lectures) https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/28-cell-respiration/aerobic-respirati on.html Lecture 10 (Sugars and intro to Glucose Metabolism) 1a. ​Draw/Describe, in detail, the reaction that results in a disaccharide of glucose. b. ​Briefly describe where the following structural (and most common) isomers of C​6​H​12​O​6 ,​ ​mannose, galactose, fructose​ can be found, and what they are important for. c. ​Compare and contrast Cellobiose and Cellulose 2​. Use the table format below to compare and contrast (in words) the structures and functions of the polysaccharides: cellulose, starch and glycogen. cellulose starch glycogen What is the monomer?

What specific type of bond connects monomers? Structure(branching), yes or no, little lots? effect on polymer? Are H-bonds prevalent, explain? effect on polymer? What type of organism/cell type(s) makes the polymer? What is function for the host organism? how to humans use this polymer? 3a. ​Draw/label the anatomy of a mitochondrion. (Draw large), write the number of each major process of glucose metabolism in eukaryotes on your drawing of the mitochondrion. b. Identify cell types that possess few mitochondria vs an abundance of mitochondria. Why do you think there is such variation? and why do these specific cell types have few or many? c. ​Describe specific factors/experiences that influence the number and function of mitochondria in a cell (you should have examples that are correlated to an increase ​and a decrease in number, and a reason for why/how they impact mt # and/or function) Bio 103 (S21)DE- DQ6 Betancourt 4a. Describe the 2 mechanisms of ​anaerobic ​glucose metabolism starting with a molecule of glucose (as the substrate). Make a table if it helps (columns: two types of fermentation, rows are features) ● ● lactic acid fermentation ethanol fermentation​. Discussion: Cell Molecular

For each mechanism, address the following (features): Names of first cell processes involved, necessary input molecule(s) (substrate, enzyme and applicable cofactors) in reaction #1 of the first process, (non-energy storing) final product(s) of the last chemical reaction, net energy storing molecules for the entire fermentation (ATP, NADH, FADH2). b. Be sure to also include specific examples of cell types that perform each type of fermentation. How do humans benefit from the products of fermentation? 5. ​Describe the common modifications to monosaccharides: What new molecular property does each provide? How does/can it affect the overall function of the sugar? Provide/explain specific examples. Lecture 11-13 (Aerboic Glucose Metabolism) 1. This requires a little bit of research on your own. (Khan and BioNinja are great resources, provided at top of document) Fill out the following table per ONE molecule of glucose: Process Where it occurs Euk: Prok: Starting input substrate(s), where do they come from: End Product: Glycolysis Euk: Prok: Substrate(s): Product: Pyruvate Oxidation Euk: Prok: Substrate(s): Product: TCA (Krebs, CAC) Euk: Prok: Substrate(s): Product: Oxidative Phosphorylation (aka ETC and ATP synthesis Euk: Prok: Substrate(s): Product: Number/name of net energy storing molecules made (ATP or electron carriers) ATP: NADH: FADH2: ATP: NADH: FADH2: ATP: NADH: FADH2: ATP: NADH: FADH2: 4f 1201 41 1 l ol pI B H D O ou 1B Y1 HIl OH glucose t 1201 41 1 l 4f Pl n B H D 1201 41 1 0 OH if II HIi OH H 1 I ti 1120 glucose atoms used in linkage I 04 p I It O M il1 HI H I 1201 41 1 pit I OH it Cellobiose 1,4 B n linkage O f it1 H1 OH int …