science lab 101

 

QUESTION 1

1. For the HKPS station, what was the arrival of the P wavearrival time?  All waves arrived in the 3 o’clock hour so please omit that and simply put the minute and second information below.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said one of the earthquake waves arrived at 3 o’clock, 25 minutes and 45 seconds, omit the 3 o’clock (input 0 for hours), input 25 minutes and 45 seconds into the website above, and out would come 25.75 min (this is what you’d submit).  Another example is if you believe the earthquake wave came in at 3 o’clock, 32 min and 20 seconds, you would put 0 in for hours, 32 min, and 20 seconds into the website and get 32.3333 min (this is what you’d submit).

5 points   

QUESTION 2

1. For the HKPS station, what was the arrival of the S wavearrival time?  All waves arrived in the 3 o’clock hour so please omit that and simply put the minute and second information below.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said one of the earthquake waves arrived at 3 o’clock, 25 minutes and 45 seconds, omit the 3 o’clock (input 0 for hours), input 25 minutes and 45 seconds into the website above, and out would come 25.75 min (this is what you’d submit).  Another example is if you believe the earthquake wave came in at 3 o’clock, 32 min and 20 seconds, you would put 0 in for hours, 32 min, and 20 seconds into the website and get 32.3333 min (this is what you’d submit).

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5 points   

QUESTION 3

1. For the INCN station, what was the arrival of the P wavearrival time?  All waves arrived in the 3 o’clock hour so please omit that and simply put the minute and second information below.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said one of the earthquake waves arrived at 3 o’clock, 25 minutes and 45 seconds, omit the 3 o’clock (input 0 for hours), input 25 minutes and 45 seconds into the website above, and out would come 25.75 min (this is what you’d submit).  Another example is if you believe the earthquake wave came in at 3 o’clock, 32 min and 20 seconds, you would put 0 in for hours, 32 min, and 20 seconds into the website and get 32.3333 min (this is what you’d submit).

 

5 points   

QUESTION 4

1. For the INCN station, what was the arrival of the S wavearrival time?  All waves arrived in the 3 o’clock hour so please omit that and simply put the minute and second information below.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said one of the earthquake waves arrived at 3 o’clock, 25 minutes and 45 seconds, omit the 3 o’clock (input 0 for hours), input 25 minutes and 45 seconds into the website above, and out would come 25.75 min (this is what you’d submit).  Another example is if you believe the earthquake wave came in at 3 o’clock, 32 min and 20 seconds, you would put 0 in for hours, 32 min, and 20 seconds into the website and get 32.3333 min (this is what you’d submit).

 

5 points   

QUESTION 5

1. For the MAJO station, what was the arrival of the P wavearrival time?  All waves arrived in the 3 o’clock hour so please omit that and simply put the minute and second information below.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said one of the earthquake waves arrived at 3 o’clock, 25 minutes and 45 seconds, omit the 3 o’clock (input 0 for hours), input 25 minutes and 45 seconds into the website above, and out would come 25.75 min (this is what you’d submit).  Another example is if you believe the earthquake wave came in at 3 o’clock, 32 min and 20 seconds, you would put 0 in for hours, 32 min, and 20 seconds into the website and get 32.3333 min (this is what you’d submit).

 

5 points   

QUESTION 6

1. For the MAJO station, what was the arrival of the S wavearrival time?  All waves arrived in the 3 o’clock hour so please omit that and simply put the minute and second information below.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said one of the earthquake waves arrived at 3 o’clock, 25 minutes and 45 seconds, omit the 3 o’clock (input 0 for hours), input 25 minutes and 45 seconds into the website above, and out would come 25.75 min (this is what you’d submit).  Another example is if you believe the earthquake wave came in at 3 o’clock, 32 min and 20 seconds, you would put 0 in for hours, 32 min, and 20 seconds into the website and get 32.3333 min (this is what you’d submit).

 

5 points   

QUESTION 7

1. For the HKPS station, what was the S-P time difference? All waves arrived in the same hour so the time difference should only be in units of minutes and seconds.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said the S-P time difference was 6 minutes and 10 seconds, put 0 hours, 6 minutes, and 10 seconds into the calculator above and out would come 6.1667 min.  This is what you would input for your answer below

 

5 points   

QUESTION 8

1. For the INCN station, what was the S-P time difference? All waves arrived in the same hour so the time difference should only be in units of minutes and seconds.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said the S-P time difference was 6 minutes and 10 seconds, put 0 hours, 6 minutes, and 10 seconds into the calculator above and out would come 6.1667 min.  This is what you would input for your answer below

PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW

5 points   

QUESTION 9

1. For the MAJO station, what was the S-P time difference? All waves arrived in the same hour so the time difference should only be in units of minutes and seconds.  Remember to use the website https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/time/time-to-decimal-calculator.php to convert your minutes and seconds into units of just minutes (see announcement).

For example, if you said the S-P time difference was 6 minutes and 10 seconds, put 0 hours, 6 minutes, and 10 seconds into the calculator above and out would come 6.1667 min.  This is what you would input for your answer below

 

5 points   

QUESTION 10

1. What is the distance from the epicenter of the earthquake for the HKPSseismic station?  Your answer should be in kilometers; however, you do not need to write the units in the answer below.

5 points   

QUESTION 11

1. What is the distance from the epicenter of the earthquake for the INCNseismic station?  Your answer should be in kilometers; however, you do not need to write the units in the answer below.

5 points   

QUESTION 12

1. What is the distance from the epicenter of the earthquake for the MAJOseismic station?  Your answer should be in kilometers; however, you do not need to write the units in the answer below.

5 points   

QUESTION 13

1. What is the latitude of your epicenter?  Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

5 points   

QUESTION 14

1. What is the longitude of your epicenter?   Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

5 points   

QUESTION 15

1. Would it be more beneficial, less beneficial, or irrelevant(meaning there is no benefit) to use more than 3 seismic stations?

		More beneficial
		Irrelevant
		Less beneficial

4 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Is the earthquake’s epicenter located near a plate boundary? If so, what type of plate boundary?

		Transform
		The epicenter is not near a plate boundary
		Divergent
		Convergent

4 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which statement or statements are true about how P wavesmove through the Earth?

		P waves cause a displacement of the material its moving through perpendicular to the direction of its motion.
		P waves move through all layers of the Earth’s interior
		P waves are the second fastest seismic wave
		P waves move the fastest out of any seismic wave
		P waves do not travel through the liquid layer of the Earth
		P waves move particles parallel to the direction of propagation by a series of compressions and expansions

5 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Which statement or statements are true about how S wavesmove through the Earth?

		S waves cause a displacement of the material its moving through perpendicular to the direction of its motion.
		S waves do not travel through the liquid layer of the Earth
		S waves move particles parallel to the direction of propagation by a series of compressions and expansions
		S waves move through all layers of the Earth’s interior
		S waves move the fastest out of any seismic wave
		S waves are the second fastest seismic wave

5 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Label the three different types of faults seen below.  If you can’t see the image below, it is the same as in question 6 of the lab.

–           A.           B.           C. The fault on the left is a ____________ fault.          –           A.           B.           C. The fault in the middle is a ____________ fault.          –           A.           B.           C. The fault on the right is a ____________ fault.

A. strike-slip B. normal C. reverse

4 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Which fault or faults can cause tsunamis?

		Normal Faults
		Reverse Faults
		Strike-Slip Faults

4 points   

QUESTION 21

1. Both large volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can cause tsunamis

True

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EXERCISE 1 DATA SHEET

 

 

Table 1. Earthquake Triangulation via Three Seismograph Stations

 

	HKPS	INCN	MAJO
Latitude (DD)	22.28	37.48	36.55
Longitude (DD)	114.14	126.62	138.20
Earthquake Occurrence (UTC)	03:25:34	03:25:34	03:25:34
P-wave Arrival Time (UTC)	03:32	03:28	03:27
S-wave Arrival Time (UTC)	03:37	03:31	03:28
S-P Time Difference (UTC)	5 mins	2 mins	1 min
Distance From Epicenter (km)	3500	2000	500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXERCISE 1 DATA SHEET

 

1. What is the latitude and longitude of your epicenter?

 

 

Latitude: ______32.38°__________

 

 

Longitude: ______148.24°________

 

 

2. Based on your results, would it be more or less beneficial to use more than three seismograph stations?

 

Answer: It is easier to find out the epicenter by comparison of triangulation result of we use more than three seismograph stations.

 

 

3. Select the link here to download and run the Earth’s Tectonic Plates.kmz file in Google Earth™. Is the epicenter near a plate boundary? Circle the correct answer.

 

Answer: YES                                     NO

 

4. What type of plate boundary is located near the epicenter?
5. Convergent
6. Divergent
7. Transform
8. The epicenter is not near a plate boundary

Answer: A

5. How do P- and S-waves, respectively, move through the Earth? Draw lines in the circles to show the movement.

 

 

6. Read the information about tsunamis and faults below, then complete the related activities:

 

Tsunamis are formed as a result of sudden displacement of a large volume of water by significant vertical motion on a fault at the bottom of a volume of water.

 

Label the different types faults and then hypothesize which are the most likely to generate tsunamis.

 

 

 

Normal Fault                                  Reverse Fault                                     Strike-slip Fault

 

 

Hypothesis:

 

Reverse fault is most likely to generate Tsunami.

 

 

 

 

7. Click the link here to download and run the Hazards.kmz file in Google Earth™. Select “Tsunami Source Events”, “Tsunami Observations”, “Significant Earthquakes”, and “Significant Volcanic Eruptions.” Do you see any relationships among earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis? Explain why or why not.

 

 

Answer: Earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis do have relationships. Usually, Earthquakes or volcanic could trigger tsunamis. In history, almost all the major tsunamis are trigger by earthquakes. Most volcanoes are along the edges of tectonic plates. Most earthquakes beneath a volcano could cause the movement of magma. The eruption of the volcano must cause an earthquake, because the intense magma activity can impact the surface of the earth’s crust and lead to varying degrees of tectonic change in the lithosphere.