Assignment: RNA Protein Synthesis Simulation Analysis at Gizmo Questions

Assignment: RNA Protein Synthesis Simulation Analysis at Gizmo Questions

Assignment Details Biology 1 B – 26.0120022 – Drayton, Jr -… il Gizmos Name: Date: Student Exploration: RNA and Protein Synthesis Vocabulary: amino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Suppose you want to design and build a house. How would you communicate your design plans with the construction crew that would work on the house? 2. Cells build large, complicated molecules, such as proteins. What do you think cells use as their “design plans” for proteins? Activate Windows Goto-settings to activat Gizmo Warm-up Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses DNA as plans for building proteins. In addition to DNA, another nucleic acid, called RNA, is involved in making proteins. In the RNA and Protein Synthesis Gizmo, you will use both DNA and RNA to construct a protein out of amino acids. 1. DNA is composed of the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). RNA is composed of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil (U). Look at the SIMULATION pane. Is the displayed segment a part of a DNA or RNA molecule? How do you know? а 2. RNA polymerase is a type of enzyme.

Enzymes help chemical reactions occur quickly. Click the Release enzyme button, and describe what happens. Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting is prohibited. © 2019 ExploreLearning All rights reserved el Activate Windows Submit Assignment « Pr…us 14 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox LTE 10:11 9 Messages < Assignment Details Biology 1 B – 26.0120022 – Drayton, Jr -… Activity A: Transcription Get the Gizmo ready: • If necessary, click Release enzyme. Introduction: The first stage of building a protein involves a process known as transcription. In transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary strand of RNA. This complementary strand is called messenger RNA, or mRNA. Question: What occurs during transcription? 1. Experiment: Like DNA, RNA follows base-pairing rules. Experiment to find which RNA nucleotide on the right side of the Gizmo will successfully pair with the thymine at the top of the template strand of DNA. (NOTE: The DNA on the right side is the template strand.) Which RNA base bonded with the thymine? 2. Experiment: The next three bases on the DNA template strand are adenine, cytosine, and guanine.

Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions: A. Which RNA base bonds with adenine? B. Which RNA base bonds with cytosine? C. Which RNA base bonds with guanine? 3. Observe: In molecules of RNA, uracil takes the place of the DNA base Activate Windows Go to Settings to activat 4. Build: Continue building the strand of mRNA until you have used all of the RNA nucleotides. What is the

nucleotide sequence of the mRNA strand you built? 5. Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following sequence: TAC GGA TAA CTA CCG GGT ATT CAA What would be the complementary strand of mRNA? 6. Predict: How would a change to the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA segment affect the mRNA transcribed from the DNA? Submit Assignment « Pr…us 14 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox 10:11 9 LTE Messages < Assignment Details Biology 1 B – 26.0120022 – Drayton, Jr -… 1 release tactors Dina to stop codons. Place the release Taclor on the mRNA molecule. What happens? Click Continue. Your protein is now complete. Most actual proteins consist of sequences of hundreds of amino acids. (Activity B continued on next page) 5. Infer: Why do you think stop and start codon signals are necessary for protein synthesis? 6. Summarize: Describe the processes of transcription and translation in your own words, based on what you have observed in the Gizmo. Transcription: Translation: Activate Window Go to Settings to activ Submit Assignment « Pr…us 14 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox LTE 10:11 9 Messages < Assignment Details Biology 1 B – 26.0120022 – Drayton, Jr -… Activity B: Translation Get the Gizmo ready • Once the mRNA strand has been built, click Continue. Introduction: After a strand of mRNA has been built, the strand exits the cell’s nucleus. The second stage of protein synthesis, called translation, occurs next. During translation, the strand of mRNA is used to build a chain of amino acids. Question: What occurs during translation? Codon mRNA bases 1. Observe: Examine the strand of mRNA on the SIMULATION pane

Every group of three bases of mRNA is called a codon. 1 2 3 In the table at right, list the nitrogen bases in each codon. (Hint: Start from the top of the strand and read down.) The first mRNA codon is called the universal start codon. 4 2. Predict: Translation starts when a ribosome (the purple structure on the SIMULATION pane) binds to a strand of mRNA. Transfer RNA, or tRNA, begins bringing amino acids into the ribosome. Each tRNA molecule carries only one kind of amino acid. This amino acid is determined by the tRNA’s anticodon, a set of three unpaired bases. Which anticodon do you think would attach to the mRNA’s start codon? Use the Gizmo to check your answer. Activate Windows Go to Settings to activa 3. Observe: Place the next two tRNA molecules on the mRNA strand. What happens? 3. Observe: Place the next two tRNA molecules on the mRNA strand. What happens? As each tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA, the ribosome joins the amino acid carried by the tRNA to the growing amino acid chain. 4. Describe: UAG (as well as UAA and UGA) is an example of a stop codon. Molecules called release factors bind to stop codons. Place the release factor on the mRNA molecule. What happens? Click Continue. Your protein is now complete. Most actual proteins consist of sequences of hundreds of amino acids. (Activity B continued on next page) Submit Assignment « Pr…us 14 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• The is a great resource