Synthesizing in literature is to combine two or more concepts from literature to form a new
concept.  The literature review synthesis should present the findings from the literature matrix
provided in the prior week’s assignment.  The objective of the assignment is to enable you to
draw conclusions from the findings you found in the literature review that address your specific
PICO question.  To begin your synthesis of the literature, gather your literature and review the
literature matrix.  Begin with taking notes to describe, summarize, analyze and identify the key
concepts you have found.  You can then begin to synthesize your literature to form a whole new
concept.  To synthesize the literature, begin to compare and contrast, critically evaluate, interpret
the findings from the literature review so that you can form a new conclusion based on your
research.

? What relationships among the research did you find?
? For each topic and subtopic, you outlined, determine what the articles have in common
and what is different. Are any different? How are they different? Do they contradict each
other?
? What is the conclusion of each study? What relationships can you infer? Did any themes
appear?
? Draw a conclusion from the relationships you have identified about each topic and
subtopic in the outline.
? If you look at the overall relationship, what conclusion can you draw? What are the
overall themes and patterns?
After completing this assignment, you can begin to write your literature review.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

BUSI 619 This form is adapted from: Syrene A. Miller, PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research BUSI 619 Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome Quadasia Dukes The Liberty University Busi 619: Qualoty Assessment and Evidence Based Decision Making Professor Jean Gordon June 226, 2022 This form is adapted from: Syrene A. Miller, PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research BUSI 619 POPULATION, INTERVENTION, COMPARISON, OUTCOME (PICO) TEMPLATE PICO SEARCH STRATEGY Define your question using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome). Population: People living with chronic illnesses Intervention: Healthy diet Comparison: Physical therapy Outcome: Manage their symptoms Write out your question. Does a healthy diet for people with chronic illnesses help manage their symptoms, or is physical therapy a better alternative? List the main topics and terms from your question that you can use to search. 1. Healthy diet 2. Healthy diet for people with chronic illnesses 3. Physical therapy for people with chronic illnesses Place an X next to the type of study/publication you want to include in your search. Select all that apply. _X_ Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis _X_ Clinical Practice Guidelines _X_ Critically Appraised Research Studies __ Individual Research Studies Place an X next to the databases you searched. Select all that apply. You can add databases if the database is not listed. _X_ EBSCO _X_ ProQuest __ CINAHL with Full Text _X_ Others such as JSTOR, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore Thoughts on how the topic is linked to evidenced-based practice and include Biblical integration. Reference citations, as appropriate using current APA format. The topic of a healthy diet for people with chronic illnesses is linked to evidence-based practice because research on this topic is based on the existing scientific evidence. The definition This form is adapted from: Syrene A. Miller, PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research BUSI 619 of a healthy diet is based on what other researchers have found in their previous research studies. For instance, the World Health Organization defined a healthy diet as a diet that prevents any form of malnutrition and maintains and improves health (World Health Organization, 2019). Similarly, the Scripture also advises people about healthy eating. The Bible says, “eat what is good, and delight yourselves in rich food” (King James Bible, Isaiah 55:2). Therefore, maintaining a healthy diet is key to maintaining and improving the health of people with chronic illnesses. However, this statement must be substantiated by linking it to scientific evidence. In nursing and healthcare, evidence-based practice entails utilizing the available research in healthcare delivery (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). Therefore, healthcare providers offer care based on scientific evidence. People with chronic illnesses also need evidence-based care. Chronic illnesses are diverse, and they include cancer, diabetes, and stroke (Petricone-Westwood et al., 2019). While a healthy diet is recommended for chronic illness patients, physical therapy may also be an alternative. Physical therapy entails activities that enhance the patient’s physical strength, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity (Mak et al., 2017). However, a healthy diet is a better alternative to physical therapy in managing the symptoms of people with chronic illnesses. This form is adapted from: Syrene A. Miller, PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research BUSI 619 References King James Bible. (2008). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1769). Mak, M. K., Wong-Yu, I. S., Shen, X., & Chung, C. L. (2017). Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 13(11), 689-703. Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice – with Access (4rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Petricone-Westwood, D., Jones, G., Mutsaers, B., Leclair, C. S., Tomei, C., Trudel, G., … & Lebel, S. (2019). A systematic review of interventions for health anxiety presentations across diverse chronic illnesses. International journal of behavioral medicine, 26(1), 316. World Health Organization. (2019). Healthy diet (No. WHO-EM/NUT/282/E). World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. This form is adapted from: Syrene A. Miller, PICO Worksheet and Search Strategy, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research BUSI 619 Quadasia Dukes The Liberty University Busi 619: Quality Assessment and Evidence Based Decision Making Professor Jean Gordon July 10, 2022 BUSI 619 Literature Review: Part 1 – Matrix Template Article Information (citation in current APA format) Mak, M. K., Wong-Yu, I. S., Shen, X., & Chung, C. L. (2017). Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson’s disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 13(11), 689703. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of physical therapy on patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, thus affecting movement. Level of Evidence This article’s evidence level is Level 1 because it is a systematic review of evidence-based literature. Petricone-Westwood, D., Jones, G., Mutsaers, B., Leclair, C. S., Tomei, C., Trudel, G., … & Lebel, S. (2019). A systematic review of interventions for health anxiety presentations across diverse chronic illnesses. International The purpose of the study is to review the literature on health interventions for treating health anxiety among patients suffering from chronic illnesses (Petricone-Westwood et al., 2019). Considering that health anxiety is This article’s evidence level is Level 1 because it is a systematic review of the existing evidence. Practice Implications with Biblical Study Results Integration The study findings The Bible talks about revealed that physical physical training in 1 therapy and exercises Timothy 4:8, where it help achieve clinically says that physical meaningful health training has some value. improvement for Therefore, physical patients with Parkinson’s exercises and therapy disease (Mak et al., should be encouraged 2017). Physical therapy among patients with improves muscle chronic illnesses. strength, walking capacity, and gait performance. The findings indicate From the Bible, it is that patient education, clear that therapy is rehabilitation program, good for health. In and psychotherapy are Proverbs 31:17, the effective interventions Bible talks about the for health anxiety woman who works among chronically ill vigorously until her patients. arms are strong. Therefore, physical therapy should be BUSI 619 journal of behavioral medicine, 26(1), 3-16. World Health Organization. (2019). Healthy diet (No. WHOEM/NUT/282/E). World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Shlisky, J., Bloom, D. E., Beaudreault, A. R., Tucker, K. L., Keller, H. H., Freund-Levi, Y., … & Meydani, S. N. (2017). Nutritional considerations for healthy aging and reduction in age-related chronic disease. Advances in common among chronically ill patients, the authors reviewed the literature to identify effective interventions for reducing health anxiety. The purpose of the study is to explain what is a healthy diet (World Health Organization, 2019). WHO aimed to explain the components and the advantages of a healthy diet. They also wanted to explain how a healthy diet helps prevent illnesses. The purpose of the study is to review the role of nutritional science in promoting good health in old age and reduce chronic illnesses (Shlisky et al., 2017). The authors aimed at identifying the existing knowledge gaps on issues related to encouraged because it promotes health. The level of evidence in this article is Level VII because it contains evidence from the report of a committee of experts from the World Health Organization. Their findings show that a healthy diet prevents malnutrition in all its forms and diet-related diseases and chronic conditions. In Romans 14:2, the Bible recommends that people should watch what they eat. This means that one should eat food that promotes good health. In nursing practice, nurses should promote healthy living behaviors. This article’s evidence level is Level 1 because it is a systematic review of research articles published by other authors. The findings indicate that the risk of agerelated chronic illnesses can be reduced or mediated using dietary interventions. The routine care of the aging population should incorporate specific nutrients in their diets. According to the Bible in Isaiah 55:2, people are advised to eat what is good and delight themselves in rich food. Therefore, good food is vital in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Nurses should promote healthy eating habits and good nutrition. BUSI 619 nutrition, 8(1), 17. Reynolds, R., Dennis, S., Hasan, I., Slewa, J., Chen, W., Tian, D., … & Zwar, N. (2018). A systematic review of chronic disease management interventions in primary care. BMC family practice, 19(1), 1-13. nutrition and chronic illnesses. The purpose of the study is to review the patterns of interventions adopted to manage chronic illnesses among adults with physical health problems in community or primary care settings (Reynolds et al., 2018). The authors wanted to determine which intervention is widely used in chronic illness management from the Chronic Care Model (CCM) perspective. The level of evidence presented in this article is Level I because it is a systematic review of multiple research-based studies. The findings indicate that self-management support is the most commonly used method in chronic illness management because it is associated with great improvements in hypertension and diabetes management. Therefore, chronic illness patients who are supported within their communities record significant improvements in their symptoms. The support management interventions include educating the patients and promoting healthy diets. Supporting the patients in their communities is an effective method of managing chronic illnesses. According to the Scripture in Romans 15:2, people should please their neighbors and build them up. This is the same the community should support people with chronic illnesses. They should educate them and encourage a healthy diet to manage those illnesses. Nurses should educate patients on healthy diet and nutrition. BUSI 619 Quadasia Dukes The Liberty University Busi 619: Quality Assessment and Evidence Based Decision Making Professor Jean Gordon July 10, 2022 BUSI 619 Literature Review: Part 1 – Matrix Template Article Information (citation in current APA format) Mak, M. K., Wong-Yu, I. S., Shen, X., & Chung, C. L. (2017). Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson’s disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 13(11), 689703. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of physical therapy on patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, thus affecting movement. Level of Evidence This article’s evidence level is Level 1 because it is a systematic review of evidence-based literature. Petricone-Westwood, D., Jones, G., Mutsaers, B., Leclair, C. S., Tomei, C., Trudel, G., … & Lebel, S. (2019). A systematic review of interventions for health anxiety presentations across diverse chronic illnesses. International The purpose of the study is to review the literature on health interventions for treating health anxiety among patients suffering from chronic illnesses (Petricone-Westwood et al., 2019). Considering that health anxiety is This article’s evidence level is Level 1 because it is a systematic review of the existing evidence. Practice Implications with Biblical Study Results Integration The study findings The Bible talks about revealed that physical physical training in 1 therapy and exercises Timothy 4:8, where it help achieve clinically says that physical meaningful health training has some value. improvement for Therefore, physical patients with Parkinson’s exercises and therapy disease (Mak et al., should be encouraged 2017). Physical therapy among patients with improves muscle chronic illnesses. strength, walking capacity, and gait performance. The findings indicate From the Bible, it is that patient education, clear that therapy is rehabilitation program, good for health. In and psychotherapy are Proverbs 31:17, the effective interventions Bible talks about the for health anxiety woman who works among chronically ill vigorously until her patients. arms are strong. Therefore, physical therapy should be BUSI 619 journal of behavioral medicine, 26(1), 3-16. World Health Organization. (2019). Healthy diet (No. WHOEM/NUT/282/E). World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Shlisky, J., Bloom, D. E., Beaudreault, A. R., Tucker, K. L., Keller, H. H., Freund-Levi, Y., … & Meydani, S. N. (2017). Nutritional considerations for healthy aging and reduction in age-related chronic disease. Advances in common among chronically ill patients, the authors reviewed the literature to identify effective interventions for reducing health anxiety. The purpose of the study is to explain what is a healthy diet (World Health Organization, 2019). WHO aimed to explain the components and the advantages of a healthy diet. They also wanted to explain how a healthy diet helps prevent illnesses. The purpose of the study is to review the role of nutritional science in promoting good health in old age and reduce chronic illnesses (Shlisky et al., 2017). The authors aimed at identifying the existing knowledge gaps on issues related to encouraged because it promotes health. The level of evidence in this article is Level VII because it contains evidence from the report of a committee of experts from the World Health Organization. Their findings show that a healthy diet prevents malnutrition in all its forms and diet-related diseases and chronic conditions. In Romans 14:2, the Bible recommends that people should watch what they eat. This means that one should eat food that promotes good health. In nursing practice, nurses should promote healthy living behaviors. This article’s evidence level is Level 1 because it is a systematic review of research articles published by other authors. The findings indicate that the risk of agerelated chronic illnesses can be reduced or mediated using dietary interventions. The routine care of the aging population should incorporate specific nutrients in their diets. According to the Bible in Isaiah 55:2, people are advised to eat what is good and delight themselves in rich food. Therefore, good food is vital in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Nurses should promote healthy eating habits and good nutrition. BUSI 619 nutrition, 8(1), 17. Reynolds, R., Dennis, S., Hasan, I., Slewa, J., Chen, W., Tian, D., … & Zwar, N. (2018). A systematic review of chronic disease management interventions in primary care. BMC family practice, 19(1), 1-13. nutrition and chronic illnesses. The purpose of the study is to review the patterns of interventions adopted to manage chronic illnesses among adults with physical health problems in community or primary care settings (Reynolds et al., 2018). The authors wanted to determine which intervention is widely used in chronic illness management from the Chronic Care Model (CCM) perspective. The level of evidence presented in this article is Level I because it is a systematic review of multiple research-based studies. The findings indicate that self-management support is the most commonly used method in chronic illness management because it is associated with great improvements in hypertension and diabetes management. Therefore, chronic illness patients who are supported within their communities record significant improvements in their symptoms. The support management interventions include educating the patients and promoting healthy diets. Supporting the patients in their communities is an effective method of managing chronic illnesses. According to the Scripture in Romans 15:2, people should please their neighbors and build them up. This is the same the community should support people with chronic illnesses. They should educate them and encourage a healthy diet to manage those illnesses. Nurses should educate patients on healthy diet and nutrition. 1 Literature Review Quadasia Dukes The Liberty University Busi 619: Quality Assessment and Evidence Based Decision Making Professor Jean Gordon July 17, 2022 2 Chronic illnesses are among the most common diseases in the contemporary world. These illnesses are long-term conditions, and most do not have a cure. As a result, the medical fraternity has developed strategies for dealing with these illnesses by managing their symptoms to allow patients to live with the illnesses comfortably. Maintaining a healthy diet and physical therapy are two of the most effective strategies for managing chronic illnesses. The purpose of the study is to review the literature on healthy dieting and physical therapy interventions for chronically-ill patients in order to determine which is the better alternative. A healthy diet seems a better alternative because it ensures that the immunity is strong to deal with the symptoms of these illnesses. The Scripture also stresses the importance of a healthy diet as it states that people should eat what is good and delight themselves in rich food (King James Bible, Isaiah 55:2). Therefore, a healthy diet is necessary for everyone, including people with chronic illnesses. A healthy diet improves the overall health of a person and reduces the risk of developing chronic illnesses. Multiple studies have indicated that good nutrition is vital in managing chronic illnesses (Kimokoti & Millen, 2017). Similarly, physical therapy, such as physical exercise, is also effective in chronic illnesses management (Mak et al., 2017). However, a healthy diet is a better alternative because it improves the overall health status of a person. Therefore, patients with chronic illnesses should prioritize a healthy diet over physical therapy. Nevertheless, the two interventions can be combined to manage chronic illnesses better and yield better outcomes. A research study was conducted to identify reliable sources that address the research question. The study entailed a search and analysis of different types of publications such as systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and clinically appraised research studies. These publications were sourced from databases such as EBSCO, ProQuest, JSTOR, and PubMed. These sources were evaluated to extract the information needed to answer the research question. 3 References Kimokoti, R. W., & Millen, B. E. (2017). Nutrition for the prevention of chronic diseases. Medical Clinics, 100(6), 1185-1198. King James Bible. (2008). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1769). Mak, M. K., Wong-Yu, I. S., Shen, X., & Chung, C. L. (2017). Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson’s disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 13(11), 689-703.