N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1

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The purpose of this paper is to address the following clinical scenario with the use of your textbook, external credible literature, and/or reliable electronic sources. Use the guide below to draft your paper and review the rubric to ensure you have met the assignment criteria. The expected length of the paper is approximately 4-5 pages, which does not include the cover page and reference page(s). N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1

Lisa Anderson, a 22 y.o., Caucasian single parent, is referred for genetic counseling by her pediatric Nurse Practitioner. She has a 3-year-old boy with developmental delay and small joint hyperextensibility. The pediatric Nurse Practitioner has diagnosed fragile X-associated mental retardation. She is currently pregnant with her second child at 14 weeks of gestation. The family history is unremarkable.

Please use the following headings/subheadings as a guide to draft your paper:

Introduction (including a brief purpose statement)
Identify the genetic mutation responsible for fragile X-associated mental retardation.
Describe and discuss how it causes the clinical syndrome of developmental delay, joint hyperextensibility, large testes, and facial abnormalities.
Identify which parent is the probable carrier of the genetic mutation?
Explain why this parent and the grandparents are phenotypically unaffected.
Discuss the likelihood that the unborn child will be affected?

VII. Conclusion

In regards to APA format, please use the following as a guide:

Include a cover page and running head (this is not part of the 4-5 page limit)
Include transitions in your paper (i.e. headings or subheadings)
Use in-text references throughout the paper
Use double space, 12 point Times New Roman font
Spelling, grammar, and organization are appropriate
Include a reference list (this is not part of the 4-5 page limit)
Attempt to use primary sources only. That said, you may cite reliable electronic sources (i.e. ANA)

Assignment 1 Rubric – N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1

Criteria	60 Points	55 Points	50 Points	40 Points	Earned Points
Content: Application & Analysis	Responds correctly and/or appropriately to all questions and criteria. Content is excellent. Demonstrates a high level of critical thinking, shows significant insight or creative thought about the topic, and does not merely recite the text/resources. Uses concepts and terminology correctly. Detail rich and specific.	Responds correctly and/or appropriately to all questions and criteria. Content is good. Demonstrates some critical thinking throughout the paper and may also show some insight or creative thinking about the topic. Mostly uses concepts and terminology correctly (1-2 issues). Minor detail inconsistencies (1-2).	Responds correctly and/or appropriately to at least one question OR if only one question, partially responds to question. Does not address all criteria. Content is minimal. Demonstrates at least one critical thinking skill in the paper. Attempts to use concepts and terminology correctly. Several detail inconsistencies (3-5).	Paper is unclear and does not address the questions and/or criteria. Content does not meet requirements. Many inconsistencies and conflicting information (6+). N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1	/60
Criteria	20 Points	16 Points	14 Points	12 Points	Earned Points
Quality: Supporting Research & Sources	All work is accurately cited (where applicable) and appropriately supports content with research, text, multimedia, and/or other resources. References are relevant and enhance the topic.	Most of the work is accurately cited (where applicable) and adequately supports content with research, text, and/or resources. One issue with reference or use of one inappropriate reference. References are relevant to the topic.	2-3 issues with references, including the use of inappropriate references to support content. May fail to provide references to support content. 1-2 references are not relevant to the topic and/or distract from the topic at hand.	4 or more issues with references, including the use of inappropriate references to support content OR failure to include references (where applicable). No supporting references are used OR they are used but 3+ references are not relevant to the topic.	/20
Criteria	10 Points	8 Points	7 Points	6 Points	Earned Points
Organization	Paper is well-organized. Ideas are clear and arranged logically. Transitions are smooth, no flaws in logic. N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1	Paper is organized. Ideas are usually clear and arranged in an acceptable sequence (1-2 issues). Transitions are usually smooth (1-2 issues), good support.	Paper lacks organization. There are many problems with the approach (3-5 issues with organization). Some difficulty understanding ideas. Issues with support and transitions (3-5).	Paper is poorly organized and difficult to understand. Many issues with support and transitions (6+). Ideas are arranged illogically and do not make sense.	/10
Accuracy & Basic Writing Mechanics	Error-free, including APA formatting, reflecting clear understanding of various forms of expression and careful editing.	Very few (less than 3) errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. Very few (less than 3) issues with APA formatting. Occasional poor choice of word.	4-5 errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. 4-5 issues with APA Formatting. Writing may be difficult to understand at times.	More than 5 errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and/or punctuation. Many (6+ issues with APA formatting. Writing is difficult to understand in many instances.	/10

Submission status

Discussion 1

See Van, a 35-year-old married Hmong-American woman recently underwent an annual Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) at her Certified Nurse Midwife’s practice, and the results were abnormal. Her provider diagnosed her with low-grade cervical dysplasia. What alterations at the cellular level would you expect to see with this diagnosis? Provide and discuss with your colleagues S. V.’s prognosis. Support your discussion with citations from the textbook, external credible literature and/or reliable electronic sources.

Remember to respond to at least two of your peers. Please refer to the Course Syllabus for Participation Guidelines & Grading Criteria.

Example Discussion

Cervical dysplasia is when there are abnormal, or precancerous, cells in and around a woman’s cervix. Women are encourage to have an annual pap smear every year for as cervical cancer can be detected and treated if caught in time. As for S.V., her prognosis was considered a low grade cervical dysplasia which means it was detected early. According to Rebar, Heimgartner, & Gersch (2018), ninety percent of cervical malignances are squamous cell carcinomas and the rest are adenocarcinomas (Pg. 440).

Treatment for cervical dysplasia is determined by if it’s preinvasive or invasive. As for S.V, she is considered preinvasive treatment. Preinvasive lesion treatments are cryosurgery, laser ablation, or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). The most common procedure in early stages with low grade cervical dysplasia is cryosurgery. This is when they freeze the abnormal cells allowing the area to slough off and regenerate normal tissue. During my research I also found data for women with low-grade intraepithelial lesion undergoing colposcopy examination, which was unsatisfactory (due to the lack of the visualization of the entire SCJ), were retrospectively reviewed (Cervical dysplasia, 2018).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease that is the primary cause of cervical dysplasia. Most sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas are low risk for causing cervical cancer.

References

Rebar, C., Heimgartner, M., & Gersch, C. (2018) Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy. 6^th Edition. Philadelphia. Wolters Kluwer.

Cervical dysplasia; studies conducted at institute for cancer research and treatment (IRCCS) on cervical dysplasia recently reported (predicting factors for high-grade cervical dysplasia in women with low-grade cervical cytology and nonvisible squamocolumnar …). (2018, Feb 23). Health & Medicine Week Retrieved from http://americansentinel.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.americansentinel.idm.oclc.org/docview/2002299245?accountid=169658

290 words

Hi Diane,

Thanks for your post. If SV’s cervical dysplasia does progress to a high-grade one, cervical conization would be the treatment of choice, usually via LEEP (Shaw, 2016) which you stated in your post is a treatment for low-grade dysplasia. Per current guidelines, if a practitioner believes a patient with low-grade dysplasia should receive surgical treatment, cryotherapy would be the treatment of choice (Godiwala et al., 2019), so we definitely found similar findings about this.

Dr. Reynaldo

Godiwala, P. N., Goldstein, A., O’Keefe, T., Goldstein, L., O’Keefe, K., O’Keefe, C., …Goldstein, A. T. (2019). Using a new hand-held colposcope in combination with cryotherapy and LEEP in a see-and-treat cervical cancer screening program. Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, 3(4), 257-262. doi: 10.14744/ejmo.2019.50315

Shaw, H.A. (2016, August 3). Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1998067-overview N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1

146 words

Hi Diane,
HPV is definitely a cause for concern in S.V.’s case. According to the National Cancer Institute (2020), HPV testing should be done for women between the ages of 35 and 65 every 5 years. The PAP test could also be done at the same interval (NCI, 2020). The reason for this is that once a patient has been diagnosed with low grade cervical dysplasia and it has been determined that the cause is HPV, it may take ten or twenty years for the patient to develop cervical cancer (NCI, 2020). This was a surprise to me as I thought that cervical cancer would progress much faster.
Another interesting fact that I came across related to HPV infections, was that you may have a negative test for many years and then all of a sudden have a positive test. The National Cancer Institute (2020) relates that HPV is similar to chicken pox in that respect. This positive result only means that you have had a HPV infection in the past, not that you or your partner have obtained a new sexual partner (NCI, 2020).Reference

National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. (2020). HPV and cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

210 words N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1

N512 Advanced Pathophysiology Assignment 1