NUR 4636 Community Nursing Public Health Policy Essay

Chapter 2: Public Health Systems Chapter Highlights #1 ❖ Public health and healthcare systems as a complex organization of institutions and structures ❖ National and international perspectives on public health structure, function, and outcomes differ by fiscal support and philosophical attitudes concerning health Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Chapter Highlights #2 ❖ Public health administration as a reflection of health, politics, economics, and social structures ❖ Influences of history, resources, financing mechanisms, interest groups, and environmental conditions on public health ❖ Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and public health Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Nongovernmental organizations use endowed funds or private fund-raising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #1 True Rationale: A nongovernmental organization (NGO) is an agency that acquires resources from private (vs. public) sources to help others. A philanthropic organization is one that uses endowed funds or private fund-raising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Importance of Understanding How Public Health Systems Are Organized ❖ Public health involves organized efforts to improve the health of communities rather than individual people. ❖ The central goal of public health is the reduction of disease through prevention and the improvement of health in the community, both nationally and internationally. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Structure of Public Healthcare in the United States ❖ Governmental Agencies and Public Health o U.S. Department of Health and Human Services o State and local health departments Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Functions of Public Health in the United States ❖ Healthy People 2020 ❖ Funding for the healthcare system in the United States comes primarily from privately owned health insurance companies. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Trends in Public Health in the United States ❖ Health status and its determinants ❖ Utilization of healthcare resources ❖ Expenditures and health ❖ Vulnerable populations and healthcare Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #2 Is the following statement true or false? The United States has found the most efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equally. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #2 False Rationale: Despite the economic strength of the United States and other industrialized nations, many countries have found more efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equally. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Healthcare Systems in Selected Developed Nations ❖ Identifying indicators of health ❖ Being committed to providing healthcare professionals and the public with a system that works ❖ Generating policy that allows for the production of positive outcomes Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #3 ❖ The International Council of Nurses is a federation of more than how many national nurses associations? A. 100 B. 110 C. 120 D. 130 Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #3 D. 130 Rationale: The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing more than 13 million nurses worldwide. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved National and International Public Health Systems ❖ The United States healthcare system includes structures and functions to support assessment, assurance, and health policy related to the health of populations. ❖ Other industrialized nations have found more efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving equal access to care. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Public Health Commitments to the World: International Public Health and Developing Countries ❖ World Health Organization ❖ Refugee and disaster-relief assistance ❖ Multilateral, bilateral, and nongovernmental organizations as international organizations of health ❖ International Council of Nurses Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #4 Is the following statement true or false? Bilateral agencies and organizations conduct their services in two specific countries. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #4 False Rationale: Bilateral agencies and organizations conduct their services within one specific country. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved …