NUR3846 Nursing Research Discussion

Chapter 1 Discovering the World of Nursing Research Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Nursing Research—Why?    Since 1990s—Growing emphasis for nurses to promote evidence-based practice (EBP) EBP in nursing—Strong body of research knowledge to be synthesized and used to promote quality care for patients, families, and communities Generates knowledge about human responses to health and illness, including interventions by nurses Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2 Nursing Research—What Is It?   Research: To search again Implications: ➢ A reason for conducting it ➢ Hard work (diligence) ➢ Some sort of method or rules ➢ Paying attention to detail ➢ Eventual usefulness ➢ Something out there already Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3 Nursing Research—What Is It? (Cont.)      Diligent and systematic—Inquiry or investigation. Science-based Its purpose—To validate and refine what already is known, generate new knowledge Focus on education, practice, and service Nursing research is a scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences the delivery of evidence-based nursing Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 Framework Linking Nursing Research to the World of Nursing Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5 Ideas Embedded in the Framework      Establishment of connections between research and the various aspects of nursing Concrete-abstract continuum Empirical world—Concepts can be measured Potential testing of ideas with research Implication of connections among philosophy, knowledge, theory, research, and evidence-based practice Is this true, based on your experience? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 Roles of Nurses in Research: Bachelor’s Degree (BSN)  Read and critically appraise studies ➢ ➢   Read some research articles Have the ability to judge research articles’ worth based on objective criteria Use best research evidence in practice with guidance: Apply findings, with supervision Assist with problem identification and data collection: Work with the research team Does this really happen in your work area? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 Roles of Nurses in Research: Master’s Degree (MSN)      Practice or research-focused Critically appraise and synthesize studies Develop and revise protocols, algorithms, and policies for practice, based on appraisal and synthesis Implement best research evidence in practice Collaborate on research projects and provide clinical expertise for research Does this really happen in your work area? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8 Roles of Nurses in Research: Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP)    Participate in development of evidence-based guidelines Develop, implement, evaluate, and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evidence-based guidelines in practice Conduct clinical studies, usually in collaboration with other nurse researchers Are there DNPs with whom you have worked? Is this what they do in your institution? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9 Roles of Nurses in Research: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)     Assume a major role in the conduct of research and the generation of nursing knowledge in a selected area of interest Coordinate research teams Develop, implement, evaluate, and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evidence-based guidelines in practice Conduct clinical studies, usually in collaboration with other nurse researchers Are there PhDs with whom you have worked? Is this what they do in your institution? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 Roles of Nurses in Research: PhD with Postdoctoral Education     Assume a full researcher role with a funded program of research Lead and/or participate in nursing and interdisciplinary research teams Function as experts in their areas of research Mentor PhD-prepared researchers Have you encountered nurses with PhDs and postdoctoral education? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11 Knowledge Acquisition  Abstract thought processes ➢ ➢ ➢ Introspection Intuition Reasoning • Problematic, operational, dialectic, and logical  Science ➢ ➢  Laws and principles Goal: To explain the empirical world Theory Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12 Traditional Ways Nurses Acquire Knowledge          Traditions Authority Borrowing Trial and error Personal experience Role-modeling and mentorship Intuition Reasoning Research Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13 Philosophy   Broad, global explanation of the world A unifying framework for: ➢ ➢ ➢ Thinking Knowing Action Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15 Evidence-Based Practice  Relies on: ➢ ➢ ➢ The nurse’s clinical expertise Patient needs and values Formal evidence Which of the above is the most important? Why? Does the diagram show this clearly? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16 Four Foci of Nursing Research     Description: What is it? Explanation: What does it connect or explain? Prediction: What occurs with it? Control: What change happens when it…? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 Purpose: Description     What is the incidence of UTIs in the general patient population at my institution? What are the diagnoses of patients treated in a typical hospital emergency room? What is the average-home blood sugar value in ambulatory diabetic patients in one physician’s practice in New York City? What is the daily calorie intake for 14-year-old males below the poverty level in the Los Angeles public school system? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18 Purpose: Explanation     Do the rates of UTIs in my institution differ, depending on catheter product used? Why do emergency room clients state that they use the emergency room? Does daily average blood sugar value in ambulatory diabetic men differ depending on marital status? What do elderly women identify as the parenting activities they found most challenging? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19 Purpose: Prediction    What is the occurrence rate of UTIs in diabetic versus nondiabetic hospitalized women with temporary urinary catheters? What are the variations in emergency room use on different days of the week, at different times? Is the incidence of death in elders suffering hip fracture lower with prompt surgical intervention? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20 Purpose: Control    If the BRX antibiotic-impregnated catheter is utilized for diabetic women postoperatively, does the rate of UTIs decrease? Can use of the emergency room for urgent care illness be decreased by a 24-hour urgent care center adjacent to the hospital? Does thrice-weekly aqua-exercise by elderly females slow bone loss? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21 Potential Research Questions   Each work area has potential research questions, some hidden, some overt These questions can address description, explanation, prediction, or control In your work area, what are some of the research questions that you believe need to be answered? Would these questions address description, explanation, prediction, or control? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22 Nursing Research Methodologies Methodological Type Characteristics Quantitative Counts and measures, formal, objective, reports findings with statistics Qualitative Observes and interviews, contextual, subjective/interpretive, reports findings as a narrative Mixed methods Uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative designs Outcomes Uses quantitative designs, focused on quality of care, as reflected in outcomes Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23 ..