SOWK 601
SOWK 601
Section I
Professional Statement
Biographical Sketch
My name is [Your name]. I was born and raised in Nigeria, which is a developing West African nation. Both my family and my community are economically underprivileged. My parents were both farmers and farming was their primary source of income. Surviving in the village was challenging, necessitating me selling fruits to assist my parents in providing food for me and my siblings. These formative events molded my life and inspired my ambition to work in social services. One of my primary motivations for pursuing a career in social work is my desire to assist my community and others who suffer from similar life issues.
I attended Baptist High School Logos for junior high, where I excelled in both academics and extracurricular activities. I acquired an interest in Music and joined both the school choirs and band. In addition, I participated in a variety of clubs and volunteer efforts that exposed me to a wide range of social challenges and needs.
Following my graduation from high school, I enrolled in Nigeria’s prestigious University of Ibada to pursue a degree in Music. I learned a lot about the history, theory, and practice of Music, as well as its relevance in society and culture. In addition, I continued my involvement in several musical and social initiatives both inside the college and in the local community.
Throughout my time at university, I served as a special educator at Blind Center Primary School in Ogbomosso, Oyo State. I taught visually handicapped kids in Music and several academic disciplines, fostering the growth of their abilities and self-assurance. I provided support in addressing their everyday requirements and difficulties. Witnessing the perseverance and potential of these youngsters made this work both enjoyable and inspirational for me.
I relocated to the United States after graduating from university to Further my education in social work service. During my stay in the USA, I worked in several places, and one of those places was as a special educator at an imprisonment institution. I taught offenders Music and other courses to help them recover and reintegrate into society. I also offered them psychotherapy and emotional assistance. This work was very tough and stressful for me since I dealt with a variety of concerns and problems that these convicts encountered.
Through my career experiences, I acquired vital knowledge and skills in teaching, counseling, and working with diverse and vulnerable populations. I also developed empathy, compassion, and a sense of communal responsibility. I made the decision to further my academic and professional trajectory in the field of social work. Hence I applied to the MSW program at [Your university’s].
Statement of Future Professional Goals
My immediate objective is to successfully complete the MSW curriculum and get my social worker licensure. I am interested in expanding my knowledge of social work theories, techniques, and practices, as well as exploring the ethical considerations, diversity issues, human rights concerns, and social justice difficulties that are inherent in the field. I am also interested in acquiring more field expertise and collaborating with diverse client systems and surroundings.
My ultimate goal is to pursue a career as a social work educator and scholar. I want to impart knowledge and mentor upcoming social workers while also disseminating my skills and firsthand encounters. I am also interested in doing research and contributing to the advancement of social work knowledge and practice. I have a particular interest in studying the role and impact of Music in the field of social work due to its significant potential as a tool for promoting healing, empowerment, and social transformation.
Professional Resume
[Your name] [Your contact information]
Education
- MSW Candidate, [Your university], [Expected graduation date]
- Bachelor of Music, University of Ibada, Nigeria, [Graduation date]
Work Experience
- Special Educator, [Incarceration facility], [Dates of employment]
- Special Educator, Blind Center Primary School, Ogbomosso Oyo State, Nigeria, [Dates of employment]
Skills
- Teaching
- Counseling
- Music
- Communication
- Cultural competence
Honors and Awards
- [List any honors and awards you have received]
Volunteer and Extracurricular Activities
- [List any volunteer and extracurricular activities you have participated in]
Section II: An Integrative Case Study: Grief Counseling for Miranda
Introduction to the case study
Miranda, a 28-year-old married woman, is seeking assistance after the recent passing of her mother. She is experiencing severe sadness, insomnia, and challenges in raising her three children. This case study will analyze Miranda’s situation from the perspective of social work, using social welfare laws, theoretical frameworks, ethical considerations, diversity issues, and strategic planning for engagement, assessment, intervention, termination, and evaluation (Zhou et al., 2018).
Application of Social Welfare Policy to the Case
Mental health policies are essential in Miranda’s situation. The mental health policies of the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasize the importance of mental health in achieving global development goals (World Health Organization: WHO, 2019). Although there have been advancements in certain countries, individuals with mental disorders often experience significant violations of their human rights, discrimination, and social stigma. If Miranda has similar difficulties, this might potentially hinder her progress in recovery. On this, it is important to point out that the recovery path of the individual may be significantly affected by policies pertaining to mental health services, bereavement leave, and parental support. For instance, if policies provide affordable access to mental health treatment, Miranda may have the opportunity to seek the necessary support. Nevertheless, the presence and convenience of these services differ significantly depending on the location. As a result, it is essential for social workers and other professionals who interact with Miranda to possess knowledge of these policies and advocate for necessary modifications. This may include advocating for more funding for mental health services, enhancing bereavement leave legislation, and advocating for the rights of parents facing mental health challenges (Policy Priorities | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness, n.d.).
Theoretical Framework
Miranda’s case study may be understood using Ecological Systems Theory. This theory examines how people interact with their surroundings and how those interactions impact them. Miranda’s surroundings include her family, career, and town. Her mother’s death has altered her surroundings, resulting in her present problems. The theory also emphasizes that individuals are active agents who can influence their progress and well-being rather than passive recipients of external influences according to the idea (MSEd, 2023). Miranda has traits and resources that may help her cope with her loss and achieve her ambitions. For example, she has a loving husband, a steady salary, and a strong desire to improve her mental health. According to the idea, social workers should look at the individual and their numerous ecological systems and how they interact and affect one another. Social workers should also function at different levels of the environment, depending on the requirements and preferences of the client. Miranda might provide individual treatment, family support, workplace adjustments, and community services (MSc, 2023).
Ethical, Diversity, Human Rights, and Social Justice Considerations
To encourage engagement, it is vital to build trust and thoroughly grasp Miranda’s experiences. This stage is critical in the social work process because it lays the groundwork for a therapeutic relationship. At this point, the social worker would discuss the possible hazards of therapy, establish limits, and get Miranda’s agreement. Miranda’s requirements and strengths would be identified as part of the assessment process. The goal of this step is to gather relevant information that will be useful in the therapeutic process. A full biopsychosocial examination would be required to get a complete picture of Miranda’s position. During this phase, the therapist would choose the primary topic to be addressed in therapy, such as sorrow or parenting challenges (Mitchell, 2023). Counseling or therapy to address her sorrow, as well as methods to handle her parental obligations, might be part of the intervention. This is where the majority of clinical work is performed. Depending on the nature of the work, the length of this phase may vary, being either long or short. Miranda may benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help her cope with her grief. The social worker-client connection would be severed after her objectives were met. This stage is critical because it signifies that Miranda has made substantial progress and is ready to go on her adventure alone (Mitchell, 2023).
Plan for Evaluating Practice Effectiveness
Regular evaluations with Miranda to assess changes in her mood, sleep patterns, and parenting abilities will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy. The social worker would evaluate the client’s progress in this area (Mitchell, 2023). Are they advancing toward their goals? Are there any modifications that need to be made? Does the therapeutic process provide positive outcomes? This is an ongoing process that should be used to determine whether modifications to the treatment method are necessary. In analyzing the efficacy of the activity, Miranda’s input would be valuable as well. This may include asking Miranda about her encounters with the treatment, assessing its usefulness, and soliciting any suggestions for improvement she may have. The provided information may be used to improve future practice and modify the therapeutic approach (Begun, n.d.).
In a nutshell, Miranda’s case study highlights the intricate nature of social work intervention. To comprehend and handle her specific problems, it is necessary to use social welfare programs, theoretical frameworks, and ethical considerations. The cornerstone of social work intervention is built upon the process of engagement, assessment, intervention, and termination, together with a continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of practice. Through navigating these complexities, social workers can provide Miranda with the necessary support to facilitate her journey towards rehabilitation. This case demonstrates the significant impact that a thorough, client-centered social work intervention can have on individuals like Miranda, ultimately empowering them to overcome challenges and enhance their overall welfare.
References
Begun, A. (n.d.). Module 1 Chapter 3: Practice Evaluation as Evidence. Pressbooks. https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/swk3402/chapter/module-1-chapter-3-practice-evaluation-as-evidence/
Grief: Coping with the loss of your loved one. (2020, January 1). https://www.apa.org. https://www.apa.org/topics/families/grief
Mitchell, M. (2023, May 1). The Social Work “Helping Process”- Engagement, Assessment, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation, and Termination ASWB. Agents of Change Social Work Test Prep. https://agentsofchangeprep.com/blog/the-social-work-helping-process/
MSc, O. G. (2023). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/bronfenbrenner.html
MSEd, K. C. (2023, August 17). A comprehensive guide to the Bronfenbrenner Ecological model. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/bronfenbrenner-ecological-model-7643403
Policy issues. (n.d.). Mental Health America. https://www.mhanational.org/policy-issues
Policy priorities | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. (n.d.). https://www.nami.org/Advocacy/Policy-Priorities
World Health Organization: WHO. (2019, December 19). Mental health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health
Zhou, W., Yu, Y., Yang, M., Chen, L., & Xiao, S. (2018). Policy development and challenges of global mental health: a systematic review of published studies of national-level mental health policies. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1711-1
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SOWK 601
please thoroughly go through this assignment. I will not like the professor to reject this
work. I really have so much to do that I will not need to review before submitting it.
Thanks.
Rubric
Instruction:
Upload your file to submit the assignment by the due date.
Late papers will not be accepted.
Review your paper for grammar, spelling, punctuation and readability and make
corrections prior to submission.
Use APA style (including 12-point font) for formatting the paper and references.
Review your paper for plagiarism and correct prior to submission. Papers that are
plagiarized will receive a failing grade.
Re submissions will NOT be allowed.
** Competency 1 Behavior 1
(Description)
Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of the NASW Code of Ethics, relevant
laws and regulations, models for ethical decision-making, ethical conduct of research,
and additional codes of ethics as appropriate to context. (5pts)
** Competency 1 Behavior 2
Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior; appearance; and oral, written, and
electronic communication. (5pts)
** Competency 2 Behavior 1
Apply and communicate understanding of the importance of diversity and difference in
shaping life experiences in practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels (5pts)
** Competency 2 Behavior 2
Apply self-awareness and self-regulation to manage the influence of personal biases and
values in working with diverse clients and constituencies. (5pts)
** Competency 3 Behavior 1
Apply their understanding of social, economic, and environmental justice to advocate for
human rights at the individual and system levels (5pts)
** Competency 3 Behavior 2
Engage in practices that advance social, economic, and environmental justice (5pts)
** Competency 4 Behavior 1
Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry and research (5pts)
** Competency 4 Behavior 2
Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research
methods and research findings (5pts)
** Competency 5 Behavior 1
Assess how social welfare and economic policies impact the delivery of and access to
social services (5pts)
** Competency 5 Behavior 2
Apply critical thinking to analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance
human rights and social, economic, and environmental justice (5pts)
** Competency 6 Behavior 1
Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment,
and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage with clients and
constituencies (5pts)
** Competency 6 Behavior 2
Use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to effectively engage diverse clients and
constituencies (5pts)
** Competency 7 Behavior 1
Collect and organize data, and apply critical thinking to interpret information from clients
and constituencies (5pts)
** Competency 7 Behavior 2
Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment,
strengths perspectives, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the analysis
of assessment data from clients and constituencies (5pts)
** Competency 8 Behavior 1
Critically choose and implement interventions to achieve mutually agreed upon practice
goals and enhance capacities of clients and constituencies (5pts)
** Competency 8 Behavior 2
Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment,
and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in interventions with clients and
constituencies (5pts)
** Competency 9 Behavior 1
Select and use appropriate methods for evaluation of outcomes (5pts)
** Competency 9 Behavior 2
Apply evaluation findings to improve practice effectiveness at the micro, mezzo, and
macro levels (5pts)
** Competency 10 Behavior 1
Demonstrate knowledge of historical and contemporary African American scholars,
practitioners, change agents, communities, and social institutions in the social welfare
field (5pts)
** Competency 10 Behavior 2
Utilize African Americans’ contributions to inform culturally appropriate social work
research and practice (5pts)
** Competency 11 Behavior 1
Acquire knowledge of the dynamics, complexities, strengths, and challenges of urban
communities as the foundation for urban social work practice (5pts)
** Competency 11 Behavior 2
Applying culturally appropriate knowledge and approaches to research and practice with
urban populations (5pts)
MSW Final Case Study Requirements and Directions
School of Social Work
You will integrate your knowledge, skills, and values from course work and field
experience to demonstrate that you have achieved the MSW level competencies set forth
in the 2015 Council on Social Work Education Policy and Accreditation Standards and
amended in the University’s School of Social Work’s Student Learning Outcomes.
The Final Case Study will include the following contents:
Student Demographic Data Form
SECTION I
Professional Statement
A. Biographical Sketch (1 page)
Write a brief narrative statement describing your interests and summarizing your
accomplishments related to social work.
Content may include the following items:
? What you see as your role as a social work professional? Continued interest in your
concentration/field of practice? Your use of supervision and consultation in the field
practicum to foster your professional growth and development? Major activities and
accomplishments in your field sites? Honors or Awards related to social work/social work
education you have received? Extracurricular activities related to social work
? Work experience related to social work
B. Statement of Future Professional Goals (1 page Competency 1,6,7)
Discuss your short term (1-2 years post-graduation) and long term (3-5years post-
graduation) professional goals, including social work-related causes and organizations
with which you are interested in becoming involved.
C. Professional Resume (one page Competency 1)
? Name, Address, Phone Number, and Email ? Professional Objective ? Education ?
Work Experience (include volunteer activities and field practicum) ? Honors and
Awards ? Three References
SECTION II (Overview)
Integrative Case Study
D. Overview of the Case
E. Application of Social Welfare Policy to the Case
F. Theoretical Framework and Context for Analysing Client System’s Situation
F1. Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Case
F2. Impact of the Urban Environment on the Case
F3. Ethical Considerations for the Case
F4. Diversity Considerations for the Case
F5. Human Rights and Social Justice Considerations for the Case
G. Engagement, Assessment, Preliminary Diagnosis, Intervention, and Termination of
Treatment with Client (individual, family, community, or organization) System
G1. Engagement of Client System
G2. Assessment of Client System
G3. Intervention Plan for Client System
G4. Termination of Intervention with Client System
H. Plan for evaluating effectiveness of practice with client system
***APPENDIX – References
Student Demographic Data Form Students will be directed to a link in Canvas that takes
them to a survey form where they can provide information relating to their demographic
characteristics and they can provide contact information so they can be contacted for the
Alumni survey they will receive in the years following graduation. Upon completion of
this survey, students will need to navigate back to Canvas to submit sections of their
Final Case Study.
SECTION II (Directions)
Integrative Case Study: Write a case study based on an actual case from your
generalist (i.e., 1st year (16 hour) field practicum. Please take all precautions to
disguise the client system including using initials and changing any case details that
could make the client identifiable by others. In addition, obtain consent from the client
and approval from your field instructor to use him/her/them for the embedded
assessment.
The case study must reflect your ability to apply knowledge and skills from all major
content areas in the MSW curriculum including Human Behavior and the Social
Environment, Social Welfare Policy, Practice, and Research.
Organize the case study using the subheadings below. Include the bulleted information
under each section below in a written narrative (i.e., essay in paragraph format). Use
American Psychological Association (APA) 7 th edition format, including references when
citing theorists and other sources.
D. Overview of the Case
D1. Describe the client system, including its composition (i.e., the client may be an
individual, group, community, or organization).
D2. Give a succinct but comprehensive statement of the client system(s) presenting
problem. This statement should be enough to establish thorough understanding of the
significant factors that are influencing the identified client (i.e., the client may be an
individual, group, community, or organization).
E. Application of Social Welfare Policy to the Case
E1. Delineate a (Macro) Policy that could (has) or currently transforms the client/
organizational system (1 paragraph-) (150 words)
1) What is the policy to be analysed?
2) What is the nature of the problem targeted by the policy?
a. How is the problem defined?
b. Origin of the problem, challenge, or opportunity and for whom is it a problem?
E2. Historical Analysis (2 paragraphs)
3) What policies and programs were developed in the past to deal with the problem?
4) How did these policies specifically impact African American (Individuals, Families,
Communities, or Organizations)
5) Problem, Challenge, or Opportunity and Solutions
a. Identify the client/ organizational problem, challenge or opportunity
b. What people, or groups of people, initiated and/or promoted the policy
(ideologies)?
c. What people, or groups of people, opposed the policy (ideologies)?
6) Describe key elements of proposed change (theoretical/model basis of the proposed
change based on literature review)
F. Theoretical Framework and Context for Analyzing Client System’s Situation
F1. Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Case
Using Cross’s Theory of Racial Identification and select an additional human
behavior theory that can be integrated and applied to understanding the client’s situation
and presenting problem (e.g., social learning theory, attachment theory, etc.) and
discuss its practical application to this case. Students should ensure that the application
of the identified theories demonstrate their ability to integrate both frameworks AND a
thorough understanding of application (individual, family, communities, organizations)
within the case.
F2. Impact of the Urban Environment on the Case
Discuss how the dynamics of the urban environment impact the client system, including
cultural, social justice and economic factors affecting the presenting problem of the client
system (e.g., racial/cultural, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, gender,
class, etc.).
F3. Ethical Considerations for the Case Identify ethical principles from the NASW Code
of Ethics that are relevant to the case. Identify any ethical dilemmas in this case and
describe the steps you took to resolve them.
F3.1. Professional Boundaries
Students will identify and discuss professional boundaries that should be maintained as
students’ progress throughout the case. These should include but not limited to topics
such as timeliness, professional appearance, dual relationships, use of personal
electronic devices, professional documentation, etc.
F4. Diversity Considerations for the Case
Identify and discuss the specific aspects of diversity that impact the social work process
with the client system selected for this case. This should include diversity outside of
race and could include but not limited to gender, sexual orientation, gender expression,
culture, and any other areas of diversity or “otherisms” that have been identified.
F5. Human Rights and Social Justice Considerations for the Case
Identify and discuss the specific human rights or social justice considerations that impact
the social work process with the client system and other marginalized groups selected
for this case. Students should think broadly on how these issues could or have previously
or continue to impact African American individuals, families, groups, and organizations.
G. Engagement, Assessment, Intervention, Termination
Using evidence based practice specific to your social work area of concentration as your
guide, identify a practice framework and explain the processes of engaging, assessing
and intervening with the client system identified for this case. Make certain that you
address any ethical and/or cultural considerations that might impact service delivery.
Organize your response using the outline provided below.
G1. Engagement of client.
Using evidence-based practice specific to your concentration and this population,
describe the process and specific social work skills and/or techniques that are utilized to
engage the client/system.
G2. Assessment of client.
BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL–SPIRITUAL ASSESSMENT OF CLIENT SYSTEM
Complete a Bio-Psycho-Social-Spiritual Assessment of Client System using the template
outlined below.
Follow this template exactly:
DESCRIPTION OF THE CLIENT SYSTEM:
a) Client/Family Identifying Information
b) Reason(s) for services
c) Household Members (to include relationships with one on another, and their
patterns of functioning)
d) Household Living Conditions
e) Financial History (to include all insurance information, excessive debt, etc.)
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND SUPPORTS
Family History: In this section, you will present data on family members (be sure to
designate the members living in the household). Names, gender, birth dates (or ages),
relationships, marriage dates, education, occupations, deaths (causes), chronic
conditions (e.g. alcoholism, mental retardation), significant trauma (e.g. fire, rape,
incarceration), anything significant to describing individual. Other data that may be
significant: adoptions, miscarriages, pregnancies, separations, current locations, etc.
b) Community System: Describe relationships between client/family members and
the various systems they are affiliated with or connected to. Describe community context
and include a description of neighborhood resources.
c) Assets and Resources: Information about the client’s informal sources of support.
Information about the client primary and secondary sources of support. The type (what
need does the source meet) and frequency (how often) of support from whom (e.g.,
friends, extended family members, church, etc.) provides support? Assess if the support
provided is reliable.
SOCIAL HISTORY: a) Physical Health (past and present, make certain to include any
medication schedules, family history of medical conditions b) Mental Health: This section
will include a brief history of family psychiatric problems. Report whether client has a
history of psychiatric disorders; admission into mental health clinic (inpatient or
outpatient), dates receiving services, outcome of services, medication, treating therapist
(past or present); family history or mental disorders. History of homicidal and suicidal
ideation;
a) Physical Health (past and present, make certain to include any medication
schedules, family history of medical conditions b) Mental Health: This section will
include a brief history of family psychiatric problems. Report whether client has a history
of psychiatric disorders; admission into mental health clinic (inpatient or outpatient),
dates receiving services, outcome of services, medication, treating therapist (past or
present); family history or mental disorders. History of homicidal and suicidal ideation;
c) Alcohol and Drug Use: Summarize if client used any substance in lifetime (e.g.,
cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, etc.). Periods of sobriety and treatment (when, where
and with whom); describe outcome of treatment. d) Sexual History: Describe sexual
activity, sexual orientation, physical, sexual abuse (victim/offender). Explore if relevant
to problem situation. It is appropriate to assess if client practices safe sex and receives
regular physical check-ups. If client reports being diagnosed with sexual disease, it is
appropriate to explore, medication received, primary physician, etc. e) Educational:
Describe client’s educational background, highest level of degree attained. Difficulties in
school (why, where, when); special education needs; suspensions. Include any informal
educational skills. If client did not graduate from high school or received a GED, explore
what barriers were present. f) Employment? Work History: Summarize client’s type of
work; attitudes toward work, reasons for leaving or being fired from previous jobs. Also,
include any voluntary work (e.g., community, church, etc.). Make sure to include any
military experience and informal employment. g) Recreational: Describe their activities
or interest they enjoy, such as hobbies, sports, or leisure pursuits, special talents or
skills. Are they involved in any church related activities (e.g., bible school, bible camp)?
h) Cultural Family Norms: Describe cultural beliefs; rituals, patterns. Do they have family
reunions or times when they come together (outside of marriages and funerals? i)
Religious/Spiritual: Describe if client identifies with a particular religion or faith. Describe
how client expresses spirituality. Describe client’s current and past religious and spiritual
practices. Describe if client is associated with a place of worship. Describe if their religion
or spirituality is helpful to them. j) Strengths and Competencies: Describe
client/family strengths, capacities, abilities, competencies and resources that may help
to address and resolve the issues of concern.
PRESENTING PROBLEM: Provide a concise clinical assessment of the presenting
problem(s). Student will complete a case formulation with preliminary diagnosis with
justification as to why you selected these diagnoses. Justification for the identified
diagnoses should be included and identified within the case summary.
G3. Intervention Plan for Client System
Create a treatment plan to include goals and tasks to be completed. (Make certain that
you include who will do what and when.)
Students should include 3 Long-term Goals with 2 Short term goals for each. Students
should use the S.M.A.R.T Goals approach with developing the treatment plan.
G4. Termination of Intervention with Client System
Describe the process and plan of a successful termination with the client system based
on the EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE model utilized, (i.e., follow-up sessions, rituals,
etc.,) Be specific and make certain that you include feelings and reactions that the client
might experience and explain how you would address the feelings based on the practice
model implemented.
H. Plan for Evaluating Effectiveness of Practice with Client System.
Outline a plan for evaluating the effectiveness of your intervention including the
following:
1) desired outcome(s) of intervention.
2) Measurement of outcomes;
3) Research approach used and rationale (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed method);
3) Research design used and rationale (single system, quasi experimental, etc.);
4) Process for collecting data on outcome measures.
5) Plan for analyzing data; and
6) How you will use the findings to improve your practice with this or similar clients in
the future.
APPENDIX – References Include a reference page in APA 7th edition format citing all
sources used (e.g., theorists, authors).

