Training in Health Professionals Discussion

1 Austin Peay State University NURS 4351 Module 6 Assignments Discussion Board 6 Review the discussion rubric. The initial post for this discussion board is to include the Teaching Padlet as an attachment and is due Wednesday at 11:59 p.m. Use references in your Padlet design as needed (see instructions for Teaching Project Padlet). Late initial posts of the Teaching Project Padlet will incur a 10% deduction. Each student will respond to two different Padlets by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Include at least one reference in each peer reply. Late peer replies will not be accepted. Teaching Project Padlet The Teaching Project Padlet is due by Wednesday at 11:59pm to the dropbox. Remember the uploaded Padlet will also serve as the initial post to the discussion. Do not wait until Wednesday to complete this assignment as it will require the use of new technology (Padlet). Late assignments will incur a 10% deduction per day. This assignment is worth 100 points and is 10% of the final grade. Directions to create the Padlet may be found in the discussion. The following items must be included in the Padlet. Use references in your Padlet design as needed. • An overview of the teaching project. (60 points- content requirement of the grading rubric) • An image with detailed description of the teaching tool. (20 pointsimages/description requirement of the grading rubric) • A picture of the student in the role as educator. (10 pointsimages/description requirement of the grading rubric) Global Health Care Systems: Group PowerPoint Presentation with Audio The Global Health Care Systems: Group PowerPoint Presentation with Audio is to be submitted by one student in the group no later than Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Late 2 assignments will incur a 10% deduction per day. This assignment is worth 100 points and is 20% of the final grade. Group 1- Brazil Group 2- Japan Group 3- India Group 4- Great Britain Group 5- Uganda Group 6- Japan Group 7- Canada Part 1 of the Group Project (50 points- content requirement of the grading rubric) • Title slide: topic, name of all group members (1 point) • Key Characteristics of the Nation (10 points) o Population (size, gender, age, ethnicity, language and literacy) o Geography and climate (location of country, size, urban vs rural distribution, major population centers, transportation, climate) o Historical and current sociocultural and economic features (employment, major industry exports and imports, per capita income, poverty rates, religion, educational levels, female versus male family roles, major social issues) o Health information and vital statistics (birth/death rates, major causes mortality and morbidity, life expectancy) o Political system and organization • Model for organizing health care services (10 points) o Structure of system (government oversight, private versus not for profit) o Level of decision making (local, regional, national) o Training in Health Professionals Discussion

Providers (types, number of, licensure, educational requirements) • Model for delivery of health care services (10 points) o Gatekeepers and types of services (process for referrals) o Transcultural health care (immigration, availability, formal education of providers) o Consumer choice of providers/specialists o Utilization rates (ambulatory care, emergency care, screenings available, home care, long term care, procedures, prescription use) 3 • Financial aspects of health care services (5 points) o Major payers (sources of funds) o Cost as % of gross domestic product o Consumer co-payments and premiums o Major expenditures in the health care system • Quality of health care services (5 points) o Measures of quality including outcomes (life expectancy, wait times for treatments, wait times for elective procedures, immunization rates) o Overall ratings of the health care system on a global scale • Reference slide: minimum of 8 references with matching intext citations found within the body of the PowerPoint presentation (5 points) • Grammar, spelling, and mechanics (2 points) • Overall visual presentation: background color, font type and size and color, use of pictures, minimum of 20 slides and maximum of 25 slides excluding the reference slide(s) (2 points) Part 2 of the Group Project • 15-20 minute audio recording (40 points of the presentation criteria on the grading rubric) o All members of the team must participate in the audio presentation o There will be a three point deduction for every one minute the audio exceeds 20 minutes o There is no need to provide narration for the reference slides UGANDA AUSTIN PEAY STATE UNIVERSITY NURS 4351 Key Characteristics of the Nation • Uganda gained its independence in 1962 from the British. • In 1894, the British East Africa Company began to explore and claim the area for the British government. • British/ Christian influences can be observed in local architecture of modern era as well as being responsible for the improved literacy rates, attributed to Christian missionaries and their work. Also evident in the naming of major geological features, such as Lake Victoria, and Albert Nile. • English and Swahili are the predominantly spoken languages. Population (size, gender, age, ethnicity, language and literacy) Uganda as of 2019 40, 367,000. Large increase since 1960, when the population was around 7 million. several ethic groups including migrates from Sudan, Ethiopia, and parts of Europe. The Bantu compromise the single largest group speaking the same language, at approximately 35% of the total population, however the Ganda are the single largest ethic group Genders are nearly equal in stratification, with 94 males for every 100 females. Geography and climate • Uganda is a land locked country in the eastern central region of Africa, covering approximately 93,200 square miles. It is neighbored by the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, Rwanda and Tanzania to the south, Kenya to the east and Southern Sudan to the north. Kampala is the capital city • Biggest lake is Lake Victoria • Uganda has several different ecosystems from volcanic mountainous regions in the east to plateaus and dense rainforests along the Nile River. The lands in these regions are very fertile and allow for a thriving agricultural business, particularly in the coffee exports. • The rural versus urban distribution of the population is approximately Historical and current sociocultural and economic features • Training in Health Professionals Discussion

Concentrating their economic influence near natural resources that made trade possible, such as Lake Victoria, the Bantu people were directly influenced by British presence. As a result, jobs and industries that required higher education, such as judges, engineers, doctors and other roles that carried prestige clustered in the southern region • military forces and police were recruited almost exclusively from the North. This would create an imbalance in political Historical and current sociocultural and economic features • . Small scale farms are responsible for the majority of the country’s exports. Women also own land and contribute to the output of the gross domestic product. The cash crops for the country are coffee and cotton. AS a growing trend, flowers are being grown for export as well as many foods that grow well in the temperate zone of the US, such as cabbage, sweet potatoes, and corn. • Use mainly hand tools • Despite the richness of the land, most of the populations live Health information and vital statistics • Uganda has a birth rate of 50.66 per 100 people, placing it 3rd in the world for birthrate. To put that in prospective, each woman bares an average of 5 children • the children under 5 mortality rate, 46 per 1000 births, with infant mortality rates of 33 per 1000 births. It is however a drastic improvement over the totals compared to forty years ago. In 1980, at what some consider the start of the AIDS epidemic, these numbers were 182 per 1000 children under 5. Major causes for death in Uganda include HIV and mosquito born illnesses. HIV rates among those ages 15-29 is sky rocketing. In 2019 there were 20, 000 new HIV Political system and organization • Uganda has a Presidential Republic political system in which the president is the head of the government as well as the state • • There is one Parliamentary House, which acts as the Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches working in unison • In 2005, they began to support a multi party system of government. As of September 2020, there were 26 registered parties • Today approximately 25% of the seats in Parliament are Financial aspect of health care services -Sources of funds include: • The private sector also plays a large role in the provision of services through private not-for-profit organizations and practitioners. Public health facilities account for more than half (55%) of all 5,200 facilities in Uganda, while private-not- for-profit and private-for-profit facilities account for 17% and 29% respectively (”Health financing profile: Uganda”, 2016). • General government expenditure of health as% of total expenditure on health is 23.9% (”Health financing profile: Uganda”, 2016). • Private expenditure of health as % of total expenditure on health 76.1% (”Health financing profile: Uganda”, 2016). Financial aspect of health care services -Cost percent of gross domestic products for Uganda: • In 2019, agriculture contributed around 21.92%, industries provided 27.07%, and the services sector 43.32% in Uganda (“Uganda: Distribution of gross domestic products”, 2019). -Consumer co payments and premiums: • Health care resources in Uganda come from both public and private sources. The government in Uganda contributions includes government funds (from taxes), local government funds, and the funds from partners channelled through general budget Financial aspects of health care • Only about 1% of the population has insurance plans. The insurance companies have difficulty with lasting due to dropping out of plans. The absence of adequate health insurance arrangements is an obstacle towards ensuring access to needed health care Financial aspects of health care services -Major expenditures in health care system: • Total expenditure on health as % of GDP is 8.0% (”Health financing profile: Uganda”, 2016). • Training in Health Professionals Discussion

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 10.2 % (”Health financing profile: Uganda”, 2016). • Per capita total expenditure on health is $108 (”Health financing profile: Uganda”, 2016). • Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate is $10 (”Health financing profile: Uganda”, 2016). Quality of health care services -Measures of quality including outcomes • The life expectancy in Uganda is 62 years old (“Life expectancy at birth, Uganda”, 2018). • Wait time for treatments mean wait times (in minutes) were: 26.1 for reception; 43.5 for outpatient consults; 58.8 for antenatal visits; 16.2 for well-child visits; 8.0 for pharmacy; and 15.6 for laboratory (Wagenaar et al., 2016). • The wait time for elective surgeries is low. Although, so is the number of surgeries that are performed. The number of surgeries cancelled is high. If an individual in Uganda would like to have an elective surgery they only have to wait at maximum 8 days. Quality of health care services • Uganda’s health care system is ranked 149th out of 191 countries by the World Health Organization. According to the WHO, there is about one doctor per 1,000 people and it population only spends 7.2% of the GPD on Uganda’s Structure of System • Uganda has a national healthcare system in place. • Made up of private and public healthcare sectors. • Public healthcare is set up based on a referral system • Depending on the type of care and services the patient needs, the patient will move up the referral system to the appropriate type of facility. • The main governing body of healthcare in Uganda is the Ministry of Health (MOH). • MOH helps to provide accessible healthcare for citizens. • (WHO, 2017) Level of Decision Making • There are national, regional, and district levels of governing healthcare in Uganda • All levels are managed by the MOH • District levels are also governed by the District Directorate of Health Services • District facilities are more like small clinics run by nurses and healthcare personnel • National facilities are general hospitals offering all services, and have specialty doctors, surgeons, etc. (WHO, 2017). Levels of Healthcare Governance in Uganda. (WHO, 2017) Health Care Providers • Although limited, there are medical doctors, dental surgeons, midwives, nurses, pharmacists, and “allied health workers” • According to the WHO, there are about 8,300 registered doctors, surgeons, midwives, nurses, and pharmacists. • There are also teams of community health workers (WHO, 2017) Health Care Providers • There are many nursing schools in Uganda, most are 3 year programs. • Nurses receive a certificate or diploma in nursing. Many universities offer a BSN degree. • Training in Health Professionals Discussion

Must take a licensing exam • There are few medical schools • Doctors receive a Bachelors degree in medicine and surgery. • 5-6 year program plus a 6 month internship after graduation. • (Kampala International University, 2020). • Halsjflajsljg hlls References • African Strategies for Health. (2016). Health financing profiles: Uganda. http://www.africanstrategies4health.org/uploads/1/3/5/3/13538666/country_ profile_uganda_-_us_letter.pdf • Kampala International University. (2020). Medicine and surgery, bachelor. Academic Programmes. https://kiu.ac.ug/academic-programmes.php?i=medicine-and-surgerybachelor§ion=admission-requirements • Malande, O. O., Munube, D., Afaayo, R. N., Annet, K., Bodo, B., Bakainaga, A., Musyoki, A. M. (2019). Barriers to effective uptake and provision of immunization in a rural district in Uganda. Plos One, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212270 • Ministry of Health. (2020). Ministry of health republic of Uganda. Ministry of health. https://www.health.go.ug/about-moh/ • Statista. (2020). Uganda: Distribution of gross domestic products across economic sectors from 2009 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/447716/uganda-gdp-distributionacross-economic-sectors/ References • World Health Organization. (2017). Primary healthcare systems (PRIMASYS): case study from Uganda, abridged version. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/alliancehpsr/projects/alliancehpsr_ugandaabridgedprimasys.pdf?ua=1 • Zikusooka, C., Kyomuhang, R., Orem, J., & Tumwine, M. (2009). Is health care financing in Uganda equitable? African Health Sciences, 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877292/ …