The structure and function of the Electoral College

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The structure and function of the Electoral College

The structure and function of the Electoral College

Write an essay of 750-1,000 words in which you: Describe the structure and function of the Electoral College.

Details:

Write an essay of 750-1,000 words in which you:

  1. Describe the structure and function of the Electoral College.
  • How and when was it created in the U.S.?
  • Why was it created, and by whom?
  1. Compare the Electoral College to a popular vote approach for elections.
  • How does the Electoral College system operate/function?
  • What are consequences of using an Electoral College system versus a popular vote? Use the 2000 presidential election as an example.
  1. Assess the value of an individual citizen’s vote under the Electoral College system.
  • Why does the U.S. still use the Electoral College for presidential elections today?

Utilize the required readings, academic websites, and the GCU Library as resources for this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

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ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.

Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.

One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.

I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.

In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.

Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).

Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).

Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.

I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.

As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.

It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Research

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Research

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Topic: “The Impact of Campaign Finance Regulations on Political Entry and Competition in the United States“

I am interested in investigating how campaign funding laws affect political entry and competitiveness in the United States for my political science research project. I want to examine how campaign spending caps affect people’s willingness to run for office and how competitive political races are. Understanding the electoral politics’ dynamics and the potential effects of initiatives to regulate campaign funding is greatly aided by this topic.

Database search

To find scholarly articles and studies on campaign finance regulations and their implications on political entry and competitiveness, I searched relevant databases for relevant information. I searched the databases using the terms “campaign finance regulations,” “political entry,” “campaign spending limits,” and “political competition.” My primary source of information was the extensive coverage of social scientific articles in the ProQuest database. This database includes numerous social science databases and is a crucial resource for my research.

Abstracts of Peer-Reviewed Journals:

  1. Title: “The grassroots of grass: Cannabis legalization ballot initiative campaign contributions and outcomes, 2004–2016”

Authors: Orenstein, D. G., & Glantz, S. A.

Journal: Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law.

The writers of this article study how campaign expenses impacted the results of ballot proposals that intended to allow marijuana in the United States of America. This article analyzes the correlation between campaign contributions, which serve as an independent variable, and policy results, considered the dependent variable, within a political context. Although the study predominantly centers on health policy and cannabis legalization, it offers valuable insights into this relationship. The analysis conducted by the authors focuses on the outcome of these ballot initiatives, considering the extent of financial support provided by various interest groups and individuals.

  1. Title: “Money and politics: The effects of campaign spending limits on political entry and competition”

Authors: Avis, E., Ferraz, C., Finan, F., & Varjão, C.

Journal: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 14(4)

This study conducted by Avis, Ferraz, Finan, and Varjo examines the impact of campaign expenditure limitations on political participation and competition. The present study contributes to the existing body of information regarding the intricate relationship between campaign financing rules, which serve as the independent variable, and the dependent variables of political entry and competitiveness. The authors analyze the impact of campaign funding restrictions on individuals’ inclination to engage in political activities and the prevalence of competitive elections within the United States context.

These two abstracts illustrate many subfields of political science studies. With a focus on cannabis legalization initiatives, the first piece by Orenstein and Glantz uses a case study methodology to investigate the influence of campaign contributions on policy results. In their second work, Avis, Ferraz, Finan, and Varjo use empirical analysis to study how campaign spending limitations affect political entry and competition. This article provides quantitative insights into this crucial political topic.

 

References

Avis, E.,, Ferraz, C.,, Finan, F.,, & Varjão, C. (2022). Money and politics: The effects of campaign spending limits on political entry and competition. 1. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 14(4), 167-199.

Orenstein, D. G.,, & Glantz, S. A. (2020). The grassroots of grass: Cannabis legalization ballot initiative campaign contributions and outcomes, 2004–2016. Journal of health politics, policy, and law, 45(1), 73-109.

Research

Paper details

1) a sheet with your name and the topic you are thinking about for a research paper for the class (the topic should be political science (or econ); preference for political science); think of issues you wish to know more about rather than mere description of a phenomenon

2) a paragraph detailing what databases you searched and the key words you used– this is just to familiarize yourself with database searches;

– if you google \”best databases for political science research\” you will come across a number of university libraries that will guide you here as to what databases to look at; then, you can go to the Baruch library website to find the actual database(s) and do your search; (this is good practice in general for any field you are doing research in)

– (there is a classification system—because of course there is—called the Carnegie classification, that ranks universities by research activity; universities designated as R1 tend to have the huge libraries that will provide such research guidance online–Duke came up, Berkeley, Boston University…)

– as I mentioned in class, I very much like the ProQuest database as it aggregates a number of databases in the social sciences, more broadly; but you can play around and see what you find;

3) two abstracts from peer reviewed journals, ideally from the list of journals that you encountered in the Garand and Giles tables, regarding your topic; these are to be of TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCHOLARSHIP, as we discussed in class.

– identify them and note the dependent and independent variables where appropriate

PHIL 347N Week 4 Case Study

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PHIL 347N Week 4 Case Study

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PHIL 347N Week 4 Case Study

Answer the following questions in a 1/2 page to a page response. Keep in mind to identify unclear words or phrases, and propose ways in which those words or phrases may be clarified.
  1. We might say a society is just if and only if it is organized so that the distribution of wealth within works to the benefit of the least well off. Do you agree with this conceptual theory of what a just society is, or not?
  2. We might say that lethal force against an attacker is justified if a victim believes he or she will suffer serious physical harm. Is this a good definition of “justified”?  Explain.

Microsoft PowerPoint Analysis

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Microsoft PowerPoint Analysis

Microsoft PowerPoint Analysis

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Create a PowerPoint presentation consisting of 8−10 slides (excluding the title slide, table of contents slide, and references slide) that meets the following requirements:

Research and identify two specific terrorist groups:

One domestic terrorist group (examples: ALF, ELF, KKK, Aryan Nation, Black Liberation Army, Weathermen, Army of God)

One transnational terrorist group (examples: Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, Hamas, IRA, Japanese Red Army/JRA)

Assess the similarities and differences between the two groups in the following five specific areas:

Underlying ideology of the group.

Specific goals the group is trying to achieve or grievances it is trying to redress.

Kinds of targets preferred by the group.

Specific terrorist tactics the group prefers to employ in furtherance of its goals.

The rationale used by the group to justify its terrorist acts , and to explain why it thinks these acts will facilitate achievement of its stated end goals.

Follow the Rubric and utilize the attachments given for this assignment. Proper APA and in-text citations must be included. There is a PowerPoint template attached to get you started. You will need a minimum of 3 credible sources for this assignment

This assignment will require the use of academic sources only. It is suggested that you use Google Scholar, JSTOR, textbooks, and/or .gov websites to keep the true academic sources in your papers. Upon completion, TurnItIn must be kept under 20%

PHIL 347N

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PHIL 347N

PHIL 347N
Football should be discouraged for the reason that it makes people aggressive, and any activity that makes people aggressive should be discouraged.
No one should get married. If you get married, you promise to stay with the person for life, but no one can safely predict whether or not he or she will remain compatible with some other person for life.
Evaluate either or both these statements based on this week’s content and provide a critique in your discussion posts.

DSM-5

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DSM-5

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Assignment No. 1:

Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention

Knowledge Demonstration I

Name:

  1. What are the 4 strengths of the DSM-5?
  • Gives medical practitioners a common language.
  • Provides a thorough approach for classifying mental Diseases
  • Has a multiaxial evaluation method.
  • Promotes a holistic viewpoint by considering biological, social, and psychological variables.
  1. What are 4 challenges in the use of the DSM-5?
  • DSM-5 exaggerates the pathology of regular conduct.
  • It is Bias based on culture and the possibility of incorrect diagnosis in various populations.
  • Concerns regarding the reliability of the various physicians.
  • Concerns relating to the unethical labeling and stigmatization of individuals.
  1. How is the DSM organized?

DSM is organized into different sections, and they are as follows:

  • Section 1: Use and Basics of the DSM-5.
  • Section 2: Diagnostic Standards and Codes.
  • Section 3:Emerging Models and Measures.
  • Section 4:Interview for Cultural Formulation and Outline for Cultural Formulation.

 

  1. How does the DSM 5 provide ways to note additional information about the client?
  • The DSM-5 offers options to record more client data through one Specifiers, which offers further information regarding the diagnosed condition. Secondly is keeping track of any pertinent environmental or psychosocial factors that can affect the diagnosis.
  1. Name 5 changes to the DSM 5
  • Dismantling of the multiaxial support structure.
  • The implementation of dimensional assessment methods.
  • The reorganization of existing disturbances.
  • The appearance of brand new illnesses.
  • Alterations to the diagnostic criteria for many different illnesses.
  1. What is the most significant element in identifying and assigning a diagnosis for a client?
  2. Symptoms
  3. Technical Terms: Please match the following technical terms with the definitions listed below
  4. Affect: A pattern of observable behaviors expressing subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion).

Blunted: The significant reduction in the intensity of emotional expression.

Flat: Absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression.

 

Inappropriate: Discordance between affective expression and the content of speech or ideation.

Labile: abnormal variability in effect with repeated, rapid, and abrupt shifts in affective expression

Restricted or constricted: An impoverishment in thinking inferred from observing speech and language behavior. There may be brief and concrete replies to questions and restrictions on the amount of spontaneous speech (poverty of speech). Sometimes, the speech is adequate in amount but needs more information because it is overly concrete, overly abstract, repetitive, or stereotyped (poverty of content).

  1. Agitation(psychomotor): Excessive motor activity associated with a feeling of inner tension. The activity is usually nonproductive and repetitious and consists of pacing, fidgeting, wringing hands, pulling of clothes, and inability to sit still.
  2. Anxiety: The apprehensive anticipation of future danger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria or somatic symptoms of tension. The focus of anticipated danger may be internal or external.
  3. Attention: The ability to focus sustainably on a particular stimulus or activity. Disturbance in attention may manifest by easy distractibility or difficulty in finishing tasks or concentrating on work.
  4. Name the revisions to the DSM.
  • Elimination of Multiaxial System: The DSM-5 removed the DSM-IV-TR’s five-axis multiaxial system for patient assessment. Instead, the DSM-5 emphasizes dimensional evaluation.
  • The DSM-5 combines Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) into Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This update aims to represent autism’s symptoms and severity better.
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The DSM-5 added “Neurodevelopmental Disorders,” which include ADHD, Specific Learning Disorder, and Intellectual Disability. These illnesses were originally distributed throughout the DSM-IV-TR.
  • Binge-Eating Disorder: The DSM-5 included it in the Eating Disorders area. DSM-IV-TR did not recognize it as a disorder.
  • Hoarding Disorder: The DSM-5 added Hoarding Disorder to Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders.
  1. Name the areas that should be covered in an assessment.
  • These areas might include medical history, psychiatric history, social history, current signs and symptoms, past experiences with drugs and alcohol, economic and cultural variables, difficulties with mental health running in the family, any traumatizing or unfavorable experiences, and functional impairment.
  1. Johnny is a 10-year-old African-American boy diagnosed with severe, combined-type ADHD. What is the primary diagnosis, the subtype, and the specifier?

Primary Diagnosis: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

The Subtype: Extreme Case of the Combined Type

The Specifier: Usually, the specifier for ADHD contains more details regarding the presentation, such as “Combined Presentation” for extreme cases involving both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Assignment No 2

Read the Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorder in the DSM

Please respond to the following questions. Remember to comment on the responses of two of your peers.

  1. List 3 things that you have learned from this reading. Briefly discuss how you might apply something you learned from this reading to social work. Be specific by giving at least one example.
  • It recognizes the differences between brief psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder.
  • It is recognizing the diagnostic requirements and symptoms connected to these illnesses.
  • It acknowledges the significance of early diagnosis and treatment for people with psychotic disorders.
  1. What are the main differences between Schizophrenia Disorder, Schizoaffective, Delusional, and Brief Psychotic Disorder?
    • Schizophrenia  symptoms that last at least six months, including hallucinations, delusions, confused thinking, and negative symptoms.
    • Schizoaffective Disorder is a mix of signs of schizophrenia and parts of mood disorders.
    • People with delusional disorder have beliefs that are not very strange and are not accompanied by any other noticeable psychotic symptoms.

 

  • People with Brief mental Disorder have mental symptoms that come on quickly and last for less than one month.
  1. What are the main behaviors or symptoms associated with Schizophrenia, Delusional, and Brief Psychotic Disorder?
    • Schizophrenia is characterized by a number of symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking, withdrawing from social activities, and problems with both cognitive and social functioning.
    • People with Delusional Disorder have delusions that aren’t too strange and don’t have any other clear signs of psychosis.
    • People with Brief Psychotic Disorder suddenly start having dreams, delusions, acting and talking in a disorganized way, and seeing things that aren’t there.
  2. What are the main interventions associated with Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, Delusional, and Brief Psychotic Disorders?
  • Schizophrenia is often managed with antipsychotic medicines, psychotherapy, and social support.
  • Delusional disorder is a psychiatric condition that many therapeutic interventions, including psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and family support, can effectively treat.
  • The treatment modalities for Brief Psychotic Disorder typically involve hospitalization, administration of antipsychotic medicines, and provision of short-term psychotherapy.
  1. What specifically, if anything, did you have difficulty understanding, and why do you think you had that difficulty?
  • The technical and clinical terminology of the DSM-5 was difficult for me to understand. The terms “positive symptoms,” “negative symptoms,” “delusions,” and “hallucinations” were initially confusing.
  • The booklet included rich clinical descriptions of many illnesses that demand a profound understanding of psychology and psychiatry. These descriptions often highlighted subtle differences between illnesses and criteria.
  1. How can this reading be applied to your current position (employment/volunteer/internship)?

The present reading possesses applicability across diverse roles within the mental health domain, facilitating enhanced comprehension and engagement with individuals afflicted by psychotic diseases. Consequently, this knowledge acquisition will help me refine assessment procedures, therapeutic interventions, and supportive measures.

Reference

SOPHIA F. DZIEGIELEWSKI. (2015). DSM-5TM in Action.

DSM-5

Paper details

You will need to the attached PDF DSM-5 to be able to answer correctly Assignments 1 and 2 please.

PSY 665 Week 2

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PSY 665 Week 2

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PSY 665 Topic 2 DQ 1
Which would you rather do: Hire inexperienced employees and train them within your company, or spend more money on higher salaries for employees with greater experience? Provide reasons for your answer.
PSY 665 Topic 2 DQ 2
Which steps in the hiring process outlined in this Topic’s lecture do you feel are most important for HR professionals to pay attention to? Provide reasons for your answer.

PSY 665 Topic 2 Selection and Hiring Process
Details:

Find and take a free version of one of the following tests online: OCEAN (The “Big Five”) or DISC Behavioral Assessment.
In 500-750 words, do the following:

Describe what you think of the test you took.
Do you agree with the results you received? Why or why not?
Do you feel that these tests provide HR professionals with useful information on potential hires? Explain why or why not.

Use two to three scholarly resources to support your explanations.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Drug Policy in the USA

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Drug Policy in the USA

Drug policy in the United States of America covers a broad spectrum ranging from classification of drugs which are illegal and their legal punishment to their treatment and rehabilitation services. These policies are actively involved in the development of campaigns to create awareness on drug abuse and trafficking. This essay will focus on the understanding of addiction and how the congress has dealt with the whole issue.

The background of drug policy in USA dates back to the late 19th century to early 20th century but the federal government was not involved in the regulation and distribution of drugs as there were no agencies mandated to perform such duties (Sacco 15). Drug control took shape in the early 20th century due to the growing levels of drug abuse. The Harrison Act of 1914 was introduced which sought to regulate and control drugs through taxation. There has been continuous passing of drug control legislation ever since, such as the Boggs Act of 1951 which established mandatory prison sentence for some drug offenses which also applies to Narcotic Control Act of 1956 which increased penalties for drug offenses  and established death penalty as a punishment for selling heroine to young people.  In 1970, The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Act was passed by the congress with an aim of controlling select drugs and chemical substances under the jurisdiction of the federal government. This Act regulated the production, possession and distribution of controlled substance lawfully. The Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act of 2003 was introduced which directly targets the drug producers and shifted its focus from imposing punishment on those who establish places where drugs are made, distributed, and consumed to those who maintain such places knowingly. The act also authorized educating the youth and parents about club drugs.

Despite the many drug legislations, the congress has failed in their attempt to make America a drug free nation. This is due to the fact that there is preferential of rhetoric facts rather than reality (Lassiter 135). When independent commissions are chosen to evaluate drug related policies, their recommendations are often ignored being termed as politically risky. This discourages the commissions as the truth doesn’t come to light as a result of a few selfish individuals hiding behind politics to protect own selfish interests. Some of the congress members are also drug peddlers. This simply means that they tend to undermine any drug-related law which would throw them behind bars. Congress members being powerful also have enough power to tamper with the operations of the judiciary hindering them from effectively exercising their mandate on drug related cases thus hindering the whole process of bringing the drug menace to an end.

In conclusion, there is dire need of reducing the sentences imposed on drug offenses bearing in mind that most of the federal prisoners are drug offenders whose sentence is longer than that of those found guilty of violent crimes. The congress should therefore enact such laws and be the first people to make sure they are followed. Drugs being a danger to many young people in the country a more proactive manner should be adopted to keep young people from them. This could be by intensifying campaigns against drug abuse and also rehabilitating those already affected by the drugs rather than punishing them whenever they are found in possession of drugs.

Works Cited

Lassiter, Matthew D. “Impossible Criminals.” American History (2015): 126-140.

Sacco, Lisa N. “Drug Enforcement in the United States:.” Congressional Research Service (2014): 1-26.

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Drug Policy in the USA

Paper details
This module focuses on public policy. As I noted in the last slide of the lecture, the
domain of public policy is immense, and so our coverage of public policy barely touched
the surface.
For this essay, however, I would like you to delve a bit deeper on your own. Your
primary is to choose a public policy topic or issue of special interest to you, but one that
also has been addressed by Congress in one way or another (for some help, click on
this link for a long list of different issues). Then complete the following tasks (in essay
form!):

NURS-FPX4000: Applying Research Skills

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NURS-FPX4000: Applying Research Skills

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NURS-FPX4000: Applying Research Skills

Create a written assessment, including an annotated bibliography section, to document your research on a healthcare problem or an issue faced by current healthcare organizations.

Introduction

In your professional life, you will need to find credible evidence to support your decisions and plans of action. You will want to keep abreast of best practices to help your organization adapt to the ever-changing healthcare environment. Being adept at research helps you find the information you need. This assessment gives you practice with that skill by having you research a healthcare problem or issue faced by current healthcare organizations.

Overview

You will select a current healthcare problem or issue from the provided options for this assessment. Research your topic, and develop a written assessment, which includes an annotated bibliography to document your resources.

Reminder: You will use your selected problem or issue again in upcoming assessments. The purpose of this assessment is to ensure you know how to research topics and find credible references to use in your assessments. Part of the assessment is an annotated bibliography. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of research references, along with key information about each; the detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about your chosen problem or issue.

Prepare

Conduct research in the Capella library to find a total of three scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles in relation to a selected healthcare problem or issue presented in the Assessment 02 Supplement: Applying Research Skills [PDF] Download Assessment 02 Supplement: Applying Research Skills [PDF]resource. You must select your healthcare-related issue or problem from the topic areas presented in this resource.

Important Note: Review the BSN Nursing Program Library Research Guide for assistance. Be sure to review journal articles published within the past three to five years.

Write Your Paper

Write a 3–5 page paper in which you include the following:

Topic Identification

Select one of the healthcare problems or issues presented in the Assessment 02 Supplement: Applying Research Skills [PDF] Download Assessment 02 Supplement: Applying Research Skills [PDF]resource. Write a brief overview of the healthcare problem or issue. In your overview:

  • Summarize the healthcare problem or issue, including describing its professional relevance.
  • Describe your interest in the problem or issue.
  • Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.

Discussion of Research

Discuss your research and selection process for each of the three journal articles you have chosen to include in your annotated bibliography.

  • Describe your process of applying library research skills to identify the journal articles relevant to the healthcare problem or issue you are researching.
    • Identify the keywords you used to select the articles.
    • Describe the criteria you used to select the resources, including the names of the databases you used.
    • What was the process like to locate relevant articles?
  • Assess the credibility of the information sources.
    • Determine whether each resource is from an academic, peer-reviewed journal.
    • Determine whether the publication is current (published within the last 3–5 years).
    • Determine whether information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.
  • Assess the relevance of the information sources.
    • Explain how the healthcare problem or issue is addressed in each source.
    • Discuss what kind of contribution each resource provides.

Annotated Bibliography

Summarize each of the three current academic, peer-reviewed journal articles you chose, using the annotated bibliography organizational format. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic. In your annotated bibliography:

  • List each full reference in APA format, followed immediately by its annotation.
    • Present your three current, annotated references in alphabetical order, according to the reference citation.
    • Double-space each reference and format it with a hanging indent.
    • Provide the full APA reference citation, including the author, date, title, publisher or publication, and any additional information required by APA style.
  • Write the annotation (summary) for each citation in paragraph form, using approximately 150 words (or 1–3 paragraphs) for each citation. Make sure to cite the article in your summary. Include the following components for each annotation:
    • Identify the purpose of the article.
    • Summarize the article.
    • Include the conclusions and findings of the article.

Summary

In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from the process of developing the annotated bibliography.

Academic Requirements

Your academic writing is expected to conform to the following requirements:

  • Writing: Produce text with minimal grammar, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors.
  • Sources: Integrate into text appropriate use of current scholarly sources, evidence, and citation style. Use the Evidence and APA guidelines provided. Cite the reference in its summary.
  • Formatting: Include a title page and reference page, Times New Roman, 12 point.
  • Length: Complete no more than 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, in addition to the title page and reference page.
  • References: Although you are citing your three scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles within the Annotated Bibliography section of this paper, be sure to also list your citations on a reference page at the end of your paper, along with any other resources you may have included.

Example assessment: You may use the Assessment 2 Example [PDF] to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.

Submit your paper as an attached Microsoft Word document.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

  • Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of healthcare.
    • Summarize a healthcare problem or issue, including describing its professional relevance.
    • Describe the process for selecting academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a healthcare problem or issue being researched.
    • Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography as it relates to the topic and the ability to use the annotated bibliography process for future assessments.
  • Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of healthcare.
    • Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.
    • Summarize academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.
  • Competency 5: Write for a specific audience, in an appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella writing standards.
    • Produce text with minimal grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors.
    • Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.

Scoring Guide

Use the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.

Expand All

Criterion 1

Summarize a healthcare problem or issue, including describing its professional relevance.

Distinguished

Summarizes a healthcare problem or issue, including describing its professional relevance, providing examples.

Proficient

Summarizes a healthcare problem or issue, including describing its professional relevance.

Basic

Summarizes a healthcare problem or issue, including describing its professional relevance, but without describing its professional relevance.

Non Performance

Does not summarize a healthcare problem or issue, including describing its professional relevance.

Criterion 2

Describe the process for selecting academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a healthcare problem or issue being researched.

Distinguished

Describes the process for selecting academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a healthcare problem or issue being researched, including barriers encountered in finding appropriate search term utilized and databases searched.

Proficient

Describes the process for selecting academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a healthcare problem or issue being researched.

Basic

Describes a process for finding journal articles, though they may not be academic peer-reviewed or relevant to the issue being researched.

Non Performance

Does not describe the process for selecting academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a healthcare problem or issue being researched.

Criterion 3

Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.

Distinguished

Assesses the credibility and relevance of information sources, and identifies assumptions for considering the sources relevant.

Proficient

Assesses the credibility and relevance of information sources.

Basic

Assesses the credibility of information sources without assessing their relevance.

Non Performance

Does not assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.

Criterion 4

Summarize academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

Distinguished

Summarizes academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format, including identifying gaps the articles didn’t cover or areas of uncertainty.

Proficient

Summarizes academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

Basic

Summarizes academic peer-reviewed journal articles using portions of the annotated bibliography organizational format.

Non Performance

Does not summarize academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

Criterion 5

Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography as it relates to the topic and the ability to use the annotated bibliography process for future assessments.

Distinguished

Summarizes what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography as it relates to the topic and the ability to use the annotated bibliography process for future assessments, including providing examples.

Proficient

Summarizes what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography as it relates to the topic and the ability to use the annotated bibliography process for future assessments.

Basic

Summarizes the process of developing an annotated bibliography.

Non Performance

Does not summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography as it relates to the topic and the ability to use the annotated bibliography process for future assessments.

Criterion 6

Produce text with minimal grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors.

Distinguished

Produces text free of grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors.

Proficient

Produces text with minimal grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors.

Basic

Produces text with some grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors, making text difficult to follow at times.

Non Performance

Produces text with significant grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors, making text difficult to follow.

Criterion 7

Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.

Distinguished

Exhibits strict and nearly flawless adherence to APA formatting of in-text citations and references.

Proficient

Applies APA formatting to in-text citations and references.

Basic

Applies APA formatting to in-text citations and references incorrectly and/or inconsistently, detracting noticeably from good scholarship.

Non Performance

Does not apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.

General Electric Company

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General Electric Company

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Introduction

Recent investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) have uncovered multiple instances of serious misbehavior committed by global firms. The tendency to overestimate expenses and obligations while simultaneously lowering income, sales, and assets is one of the defining characteristics of fraudulent schemes. When it comes to financial reporting, companies that use techniques that are not considered standard run the risk of spreading false information about their financial soundness and profitability (Aditama & Weni Pratiwi, 2022). The accuracy of financial statements produced by a company, such as the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of shareholders’ equity, can be significantly impacted when fraud is present. Unfortunately, accounting fraud poses considerable dangers to firms, including detrimental repercussions such as strained relationships with stakeholders, huge fines, decreased competitiveness, and damaged brand image. For instance, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) levied a fine on KHC and its manager, Pelleissone, for participating in fraudulent accounting practices between 2015 and 2018 (The Commission., 2021).

The Case of Financial Misrepresentation

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has filed charges against Kraft Heinz Company (KHC) for engaging in fraudulent activities by disseminating inaccurate information, leading to the subsequent revision of its financial statements. The Commission has levied allegations against Eduardo Pelleissone, asserting his involvement in facilitating fraudulent activities throughout his tenure as the international corporation’s purchasing director and director of operations. The Commission specifically observed that KHC engaged in maintaining deceptive supplier contracts and recording unearned supplier rebates to underestimate operational costs deliberately. The implementation of restatement processes in 2019 facilitated the global corporation in rectifying a total of $208 million in misleading expenses associated with 295 transactions (Craja et al., 2020). The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) further elucidated Kraft Heinz Company’s (KHC) deficiency in formulating and executing adequate internal control measures for its procurement division.

Consequently, the individuals responsible for overseeing and evaluating financial matters needed to have identified numerous indications of substantial deficiencies within this particular department. Precisely, Pelleissone needed to adequately acknowledge weaknesses in internal controls and instances of fraudulent behavior within the purchasing department. However, Pelleissone was involved in inappropriate cost management procedures that led to the failure of accounting controls, substantial cost reductions, and many erroneous transactions. Numerous material misstatements have necessitated investors to assume the responsibility of enduring financial reporting delays and incurring actual restatement expenses (Craja et al., 2020).

Financial Investigation

To ascertain if KHC’s financial discrepancies from 2015 to 2018 resulted from accounting law violations, the SEC carried out a thorough financial investigation. For instance, the Commission determined that maintaining materially false statements constituted a breach of the 1933 Securities Act. Companies are not allowed to engage in dishonest business activities or improper fee management under public law. It is implied that KHC broke the Securities Act of 1933 by approving and carrying out 295 fraudulent transactions (Commission, 2021). According to the Commission, enterprises must provide accurate and truthful quarterly, current, and annual financial reports to prevent confusing stakeholders. According to the Commission, the international corporation gave false and misleading information in its financial accounts between 2015 and 2018. The SEC has concluded that the inaccurate information inconvenienced investors and that significant restatements incurred significant expenditures. According to the government agency, KHC was found to have broken the Foreign Exchange Act by neglecting to keep books, records, and accounts that fairly and accurately represented the worth of its assets.

Pelleissone was found guilty of breaching important accounting principles by the SEC, which cited many accounting statutes. For instance, the Commission claimed that the dealers participated in several illegal actions under the Foreign Exchange Act. As an illustration, this official disregarded their obligation to set up internal accounting controls to stop significant misstatements in KHC. Employees in the purchasing department broke essential accounting rules and pursued personal benefits due to this carelessness (Commission, 2021). Additionally, the SEC determined that Pelleissone had allowed financial document falsification in violation of the Exchange Act. Individuals are prohibited from directly or indirectly falsifying financial papers under this policy. Therefore, the Commission concludes that upholding internal accounting controls and averting fraud are pertinent purposes of the federal securities laws. Negligent behavior suggests the person has disregarded their professional duty to shield stakeholders from false information. As a result, the lawsuit demonstrates how Pelleissone’s careless actions have harmed the business and its investors.

KHC’s Response to the Investigation 

The incident discussed earlier serves as evidence of KHC’s cooperation with the financial investigation conducted by the Securities and Exchange Commission and their rapid implementation of suitable corrective actions. The report makes it abundantly clear that the international business conglomerate consented to the Commission gaining access to information that would assist it in its investigation of the financial matter. In the realm of forensic accounting, the preceding statement shows the organization’s commitment to lowering costs while simultaneously improving operational efficacy (Commission, 2021). In addition, KHC carried out an exhaustive internal investigation to validate the findings in the external audit report. The international firm made it a point to regularly provide the Commission’s authorities with up-to-date information on the investigation’s results. In addition to this, they played an active role in the process of translating particular accounting records into various languages. The management team knows how important it is to conduct financial investigations to reduce the likelihood of similar accounting errors occurring in the following instances.

Sanctions Imposed by the SEC

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) imposes punishments on parties that violate regulations to deter future occurrences of accounting fraud comparable to those in previous periods. In reaction to the case of serious irregularities, the Commission instituted sanctions at both the organizational and individual levels of the organization (Steinberg, 2021). As a result of KHC’s violations of the Securities and Foreign Exchange Law during the period stated, the government regulatory body levied a financial penalty against the company in 62 million US dollars between 2015 and 2018. The international business conglomerate has come to an understanding wherein it will complete the payment of the fine that has been levied and make a commitment to preventing any future instances of accounting dishonesty. The supplied response demonstrates that the imposition of sanctions works as a constructive negative reinforcement to stimulate the establishment and enforcing internal accounting controls, hence discouraging significant anomalies within the KHC. This is because the imposition of sanctions encourages establishing and enforcing internal accounting controls. Similarly, Pelleissone agreed to pay $300,000 in civil penalties and $14,211.31 in pre-judgment interest, as the Commission announced in 2021. The aforementioned former official with the KHC has further declared that he will abstain from indulging in improper accounting practices in the future in his professional life (The Commission., 2021).

Measures taken to correct the problem

The Commission believed that KHC had taken steps to strengthen internal controls and prevent accounting irregularities by implementing these measures. For instance, the organization enhanced its processes for analyzing legal, administrative, and financial reporting operations to reduce the cases in which significant inaccuracies occurred. The approach described above displays an organization’s commitment to eliminating financial fraud by utilizing internal and external auditors (Commission, 2021). The company has made tremendous headway in refining the policies and procedures of its internal audit to identify and mitigate any future instances of suspected fraud effectively. Recent shifts in management point to a discernible movement toward increased levels of discipline and responsibility on the part of workers participating in activities designed to cut costs. By utilizing this intervention, businesses can construct capable teams to defend the corporation and its stakeholders’ interests. By using this strategy approach, KHC will be able to increase its connections with various stakeholders, such as regulators, customers, investors, suppliers, and financial institutions. Implementing this strategy will also assist international organizations in minimizing the monetary repercussions that come from failing to comply with accounting requirements (The Commission., 2021).

Conclusion

Following a satisfactory conclusion to the investigation into KHC’s financial operations, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has recommended that the company strengthen its internal controls. This remark suggests that the recently hired management recognizes the importance of conducting internal and external audits to identify and prevent fraud. A corporation that employs an independent auditor can avoid future accounting errors and simplify the process of creating balanced financial reports. KHC has implemented enhanced internal control procedures and established internal policies to mitigate the risk of financial statement fraud. The employee is guaranteed to accept personal responsibility for engaging in unethical accounting techniques if the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is involved in this process. As an example of this, Mr. Pelleissone was fined $300,000 by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for his assistance in significant misstatements made between 2015 and 2018, when he served as the company’s Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Chief Operating Officer (COO). Due to our implementation of procedures to guarantee the accuracy and integrity of financial reporting, your company is shielded from the risk of financial liabilities, operational disruptions, and reputational harm.

References

Aditama, D. A., & Weni Pratiwi, M. (2022). Evaluation of recognition, measurement, and presentation of financial statements of PT Dinamik prima Persada according to the statement of financial accounting standards 1. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, 05(12). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i12-29

The Commission. (2021). United States of America before the Securities and Exchange Commission. SEC.

Craja, P., Kim, A., & Lessmann, S. (2020). Deep learning for detecting financial statement fraud. Decision Support Systems, 139, 113421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2020.113421

Steinberg, M. I. (2021). The Securities and Exchange Commission. Rethinking Securities Law, 267-300. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197583142.003.0009

General Electric Company

Paper details

Locate and research a case on Earnings Management found in an Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release (AAER) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Select a publicly traded company that uses U.S. GAAP for which an AAER was published on the SEC website in the past five years. After selecting your case, review any credible articles published relating to this company as well as information available on the company’s Investor Relations website to evaluate the following items: •    Identify specific facts of the case that caused the SEC to become involved in the investigation •    Discuss how the SEC handled the complaints.•    How did the company react to the investigation? •    Were any sanctions imposed by the SEC? If so what, were they. •    What steps did the company take to rectify the situation?•    What’s the current status of the investigation today?